Water scarcity is a challenge for current irrigated agriculture globally. Under these circumstances, new on-farm irrigation management strategies should be established. An experiment was conducted at Fogera in 2021 to evaluate the effects of deficit irrigation (DI) and mulch type on onion yield and yield components. A factorial combination of three levels of DI (100%ETc, 75%ETc, and 50%ETc) and three mulch types No Mulch (NM), White Plastic Mulch (WPM), and Rice Straw Mulch (RSM)) were evaluated in RCBD with three replications. Monthly ETo, ETc, and irrigation scheduling were computed using CROPWAT 8.0 model. These studies showed that the onion yield and yield components were significantly affected by the main and the interaction effects. The maximum average plant heights (PH), leaf heights (LH), and number of leaves per plant (LNP) of 51.7 cm, 38.0cm, and 10.4 respectively, were recorded from 100%ETc whereas the minimum PH, LH, and LNP of 39.5 cm, 29.0cm, and 6.9 were recorded from 50%ETc treatment respectively. The highest average bulb weight (BW), bulb diameter (BD), and bulb height (BH) were 117.9gr, 6.4, and 5.7 cm recorded from 100%ETc treatment respectively. In contrast, the minimum average BW, BD, and BH were 79.9gr, 4.8, and 5.0cm recorded from 50%ETc respectively. The highest PH, LH, and LNP of onions were 51.9cm, 40.6cm, and 10.1 respectively recorded from RSM treatments. In contrast, the minimum PH, LH, and LNP of onions were 41.5cm, 31.1cm, and 7.5 respectively, recorded from WPM treatments. Similarly, the highest mean BW, BH, and BD 106.2gr, 5.8cm, and 6.0cm were obtained from the treatments of RSM respectively. In contrast, the lowest mean BW, BH, and BD 100.7gr, 5.0cm, and 5.3cm were obtained from NM treatments respectively. The interaction effects of DI and mulch showed that the onion yield at 100%ETc with RSM was 7.5% higher than that at 100%ETc with NM and 15.1% higher than the yield at 100%ETc with PM. The highest BW, BH, and BD of the onion 121.8 gr, 6.2, and 6.8 were obtained when the onions received 100%ETc and mulched with RS while the lowest average BW, BH, and BD of the onion were 77.3gr, 4.6cm and 4.1cm were obtained from 50%ETc with NM treatment combination. These results showed that RSM with 75%ETc improves onion yield and yield components.
| Published in | Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 13, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.wros.20241301.12 |
| Page(s) | 6-22 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Deficit Irrigation, Mulch Types, Onion, Yield and Yield Components
| [1] | K. L. Page, Y. P. Dang, and R. C. Dalal, “The Ability of Conservation Agriculture to Conserve Soil Organic Carbon and the Subsequent Impact on Soil Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties and Yield,” Front. Sustain. Food Syst., vol. 4, no. March, pp. 1–17, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.00031 |
| [2] | G. Yigezu Wendimu, “The challenges and prospects of Ethiopian agriculture,” Cogent Food Agric., vol. 7, no. 1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2021.1923619 |
| [3] | E. Assefa, Z. Ayalew, and H. Mohammed, “Impact of small-scale irrigation schemes on farmers livelihood, the case of Mekdela Woreda, North-East Ethiopia,” Cogent Econ. Financ., vol. 10, no. 1, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2022.2041259 |
| [4] | T. T. A. Abdu Y. Yimam and and M. R. Reyes, “Experimental Evaluation for the Impacts of Conservation Agriculture with Drip Irrigation on Crop Coefficient and Soil Properties in the” Exp. Eval. Impacts Conserv. Agric. with Drip Irrig. Crop Coeff. Soil Prop. Sub-Humid Ethiopia Highand., no. 26 march, p. 2, 2020. |
| [5] | S. A. Belay, P. Schmitter, A. W. Worqlul, T. S. Steenhuis, M. R. Reyes, and S. A. Tilahun, “Conservation agriculture saves irrigation water in the dry monsoon phase in the Ethiopian highlands,” Water (Switzerland), vol. 11, no. 10, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/w11102103 |
| [6] | D. Tewabe, M. Dessie, and B. N. Basin, “Cogent Food & Agriculture Enhancing water productivity of different field crops using deficit irrigation in the Koga Irrigation project, Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia Enhancing water productivity of different field crops using deficit irrigation in the Koga,” Cogent Food Agric., vol. 6, no. 1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2020.1757226 |
| [7] | B. M. Mekonen, M. F. Moges, and D. B. Gelagl, “Innovative Irrigation Water-Saving Strategies to Improve Water and Yield Productivity of Onions,” vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 36–48, 2022. |
| [8] | G. Terefe, “Effect of small-scale irrigation adoption on farm income in yilmana-densa district, amhara national regional state, Ethiopia,” 2021. |
| [9] | J. Elliott, “Constraints and potentials of future irrigation water availability on agricultural production under climate change,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., vol. 111, no. 9, pp. 3239–3244, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1222474110 |
| [10] | G. Dirirsa, A. Woldemichael, and T. Hordofa, “Effect of deficit irrigation at different growth stages on onion (Allium Cepa L.) production and water productivity at Melkassa, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia,” Acad. Res. J. Agric. Sci. Res., vol. 5, no. September, pp. 358–365, 2017, https://doi.org/10.14662/ARJASR2017.042 |
| [11] | M. Kifle and T. G. Gebretsadikan, “Yield and water use efficiency of furrow irrigated potato under regulated deficit irrigation, Atsibi-Wemberta, North Ethiopia,” Agric. Water Manag., vol. 170, pp. 133–139, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.01.003 |
| [12] | I. Mubarak and A. Hamdan, “Onion crop response to regulated deficit irrigation under mulching in dry Mediterranean region,” J. Hortic. Res., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 87–94, Jun. 2018, https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2018-0010 |
| [13] | T. Hordofa, M. Menkir, S. Bekele, and T. Erkossa, “Irrigation and Rain-fed Crop Production System in Ethiopia,” Impact Irrig. Poverty Environ. Ethiop., pp. 27–36, 2008, [Online]. Available: https://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H044065.pdf |
| [14] | Y. Bozkurt Çolak, A. Yazar, A. Alghory, and S. Tekin, “Yield and water productivity response of quinoa to various deficit irrigation regimes applied with surface and subsurface drip systems,” J. Agric. Sci., vol. 159, no. 1–2, pp. 116–127, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859621000265 |
| [15] | H. M. Al-ghobari and A. Z. Dewidar, “Uncorrected Proof areas Uncorrected Proof,” pp. 1–11, 2017, https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2017.014 |
| [16] | Q. Chai et al., “Regulated deficit irrigation for crop production under drought stress. A review,” Agron. Sustain. Dev., vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 1–21, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-015-0338-6 |
| [17] | D. Mashnik, H. Jacobus, A. Barghouth, E. Jiayu, J. Blanchard, and R. Shelby, “Increasing productivity through irrigation: Problems and solutions implemented in Africa and Asia,” Sustain. Energy Technol. Assessments, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2017.02.005 |
| [18] | M. S Hashem, T. Zin El-Abedin, and H. M Al-Ghobari, “Assessing effects of deficit irrigation techniques on water productivity of tomato for subsurface drip irrigation system,” Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 137–145, 2018, https://doi.org/10.25165/j.ijabe.20181104.3846 |
| [19] | A. Capra and S. Consoli, Deficit irrigation: Theory and practice, no. April. 2015. |
| [20] | P. Nakawuka, “Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Yield, Quality, and Costs of the Production of Native Spearmint,” vol. 140, no. 5, pp. 1–9, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000719 |
| [21] | D. K. Asmamaw “Deficit irrigation as a sustainable option for improving water productivity in sub-Saharan Africa: The case of Ethiopia a critical review,” Environ. Res. Commun., vol. 3, no. 10, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ac2a74 |
| [22] | S. M. Ismail, “Influence of Deficit Irrigation on Water Use Efficiency and Bird Pepper Production (Capsicum annuum L.),” vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 29–43, 2010, https://doi.org/10.4197/Met |
| [23] | T. Erkossa, T. O. Williams, and F. Laekemariam, “Integrated soil, water and agronomic management effects on crop productivity and selected soil properties in Western Ethiopia,” Int. Soil Water Conserv. Res., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 305–316, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2018.06.001 |
| [24] | Z. Adimassu, S. Langan, R. Johnston, W. Mekuria, and T. Amede, “Impacts of Soil and Water Conservation Practices on Crop Yield, Run-off, Soil Loss and Nutrient Loss in Ethiopia: Review and Synthesis,” Environ. Manage., vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 87–101, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-016-0776-1 |
| [25] | S. T. and A. W. W. Tewodros Assefa, Manoj Jha, Manuel Reyes, “Experimental Evaluation of Conservation Agriculture with Drip Irrigation for Water Productivity in,” water, vol. 11, no. 530, pp. 1–13, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/w11030530 |
| [26] | S. A. Belay, “The response of water and nutrient dynamics and of crop yield to conservation agriculture in the Ethiopian highlands,” Sustain., vol. 12, no. 15, pp. 1–15, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/su12155989 |
| [27] | D. K. Rop, E. C. Kipkorir, and J. K. Taragon, “Effects of Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Quality of Onion Crop,” J. Agric. Sci., vol. 8, no. 3, p. 112, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5539/jas. v8n3p112 |
| [28] | A. G. Khan, Anwar-ul-Hassan, M. Iqbal, and E. Ullah, “Assessing the performance of different irrigation techniques to enhance the water use efficiency and yield of maize under deficit water supply,” Soil Environ., vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 166–179, 2015. |
| [29] | Y. Wen, S. Shang, and J. Yang, “Optimization of irrigation scheduling for spring wheat with mulching and limited irrigation water in an arid climate,” Agric. Water Manag., vol. 192, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.06.023 |
| [30] | A. Razaq, M. J. Khan, T. Sarwar, and M. J. Khan, “Influence of deficit irrigation, sowing methods and mulching on yield components and yield of wheat in a semiarid environment,” Pakistan J. Bot., vol. 51, no. 2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.30848/PJB2019-2(12) |
| [31] | S. Biswas, D. Roy, K. Sarkar, A. Milla, K. Murad, and M. Anower, “Effects of Deficit Irrigation and Mulching on Seed Yield and Water Use of Onion (Allium cepa L.),” Int. J. Plant Soil Sci., vol. 20, no. 3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2017/36575 |
| [32] | K. N. Tufa, “Effects of deficit irrigation and mulch levels on growth, yield and water productivity of onion (allium cepa l.) at werer, middle awash valley, Ethiopia,” 2019. |
| [33] | M. A. Barakat, A. S. Osman, W. M. Semida, and M. A. Gyushi, “Integrated Use of Potassium and Soil Mulching on Growth and Productivity of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) under Deficit Irrigation,” Int. Lett. Nat. Sci., vol. 76, 2019, https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.76.1 |
| [34] | ILRI, “Fogera Woreda Pilot Learning Site Diagnosis and Program Design,” no. January 2005. |
| [35] | A. Aleminew, G. Alemayehu, E. Adgo, and T. Tadesse, “Response of rain-fed lowland rice varieties to different sources of N fertilizer in Fogera Plain, Northwest Ethiopia,” Cogent Food Agric., vol. 5, no. 1, p. 1707020, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1707020 |
| [36] | E. P. System, “Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Final Report October 2006 Interconnection ESIA,” 2006. |
| [37] | K. Terzaghi, R. B. Peck, and G. Mesri, “Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice.pdf,” John Wiley & sons. p. 534, 1996. |
| [38] | A. A. G. AL-SHAMMARY, A. Z. KOUZANI, A. KAYNAK, S. Y. KHOO, M. NORTON, and W. GATES, “Soil Bulk Density Estimation Methods: A Review,” Pedosphere, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 581–596, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(18)60034-7 |
| [39] | R. G. ALLEN and U. S. Utah State University Logan, Utah, “FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper Crop by,” no. 56, 2006. |
| [40] | K. A. and E. S. B. Chandrasekaran, Atextbook of agronomy. NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERS 4835/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002 Visit us at www.newagepublishers.com, 2010. |
| [41] | A. P. S. K. Frenken, Planning, Development Monitoring and Evaluation of Irrigated Agriculture with Farmer Participation, vol. II. 2002. |
| [42] | E. B. Geremew, J. M. Steyn, and J. G. Annandale, “Comparison between traditional and scientific irrigation scheduling practices for furrow irrigated potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Ethiopia,” vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 42–48, 2008. |
| [43] | Demisie R and Tolessa K, “Growth and Bulb Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L.) in Response to Plant Density and Variety in Jimma, South Western Ethiopia,” Adv. Crop Sci. Technol., vol. 06, no. 02, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000357 |
| [44] | M. Smith, D. Kivumbi, and W. D. Division, “Use of the FAO CROPWAT model in deficit irrigation studies,” Water, pp. 17–27, 2002. |
| [45] | P. Hazelton and B. Murphy, Interpreting Soil Test Results. 2019. |
| [46] | J. Doorenbos and A.H. Kassam, FAO 33. Yield resipons to water. 1979. |
| [47] | T. Temesgen, “Irrigation Level Management and Mulching on Onion (Allium cepa L.) Yield and WUE in Western Ethiopia,” Int. J. Food Sci. Agric., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 45–56, 2018, https://doi.org/10.26855/jsfa.2018.03.001 |
| [48] | H. Piri and A. Naserin, “Effect of different levels of water, applied nitrogen and irrigation methods on yield, yield components and IWUE of onion,” Sci. Hortic. (Amsterdam)., vol. 268, no. March, p. 109361, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109361 |
| [49] | K. T. Bizuneh, “Effect of soil moisture stress on onion (allium cepa l) production and water productivity at melkassa in the central rift valley of Ethiopia,” 2019. |
| [50] | S. K. Biswas, A. R. Akanda, M. S. Rahman, and M. A. Hossain, “Effect of drip irrigation and mulching on yield, water-use efficiency and economics of tomato,” Plant, Soil Environ., vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 97–102, 2015, https://doi.org/10.17221/804/2014-PSE |
| [51] | I. Audu, H. E. Igbadun, and N. M. Nasidi, “Effects of Deficit Irrigation and Mulch Practices on Yield and Yield Response Factors of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) at Kano River Irrigation Project (KRIP), Kano-Nigeria,” BAYERO J. Eng. Technol., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 209–225, 2020. |
| [52] | T. Kifle, “Evaluation of Tomato Response to Deficit Irrigation at Humbo Woreda, Ethiopia,” Int. J. Res. -GRANTHAALAYAH, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 57–68, 2018, https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah. v6.i8.2018.1262 |
| [53] | D. U. Ya-dan, C. A. O. Hongxia, L. I. U. Shiquan, G. U. Xiao-bo, and C. A. O. Yuxin, “Response of yield, quality, water and nitrogen use efficiency of tomato to different levels of water and nitrogen under drip irrigation in Northwestern China,” J. Integr. Agric., vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1153–1161, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61371-0 |
| [54] | Mohammed Karrou, “Yield and water productivity of maize and wheat under deficit and raised bed irrigation practices in Egypt,” African J. Agric. Res., vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 1755–1760, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5897/ajar11.2109 |
| [55] | S. Guangcheng and L. Carlos, “Effects of deficit irrigation and biochar addition on the growth, yield, and quality of tomato,” ELSEVIER, vol. 222, no. April, pp. 90–101, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.05.004 |
| [56] | M. E. Ragab, Y. E. Arafa, O. M. Sawan, Z. F. Fawzy, and S. M. ElSawy, “Effect of irrigation systems on vegetative growth, fruit yield, quality and irrigation water use efficiency of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum l.) grown under water stress conditions,” Acta Sci. Agric., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 172–183, 2019. |
| [57] | S. Bekele, “Response of Tomato to Deficit Irrigation at Ambo, Ethiopia,” vol. 7, no. 23, pp. 48–52, 2017. |
| [58] | D. K. Asmamaw, P. Janssens, M. Desse, S. Tilahun, E. Adgo, and J. Nyssen, “Deficit irrigation as a sustainable option for improving water productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Ethiopia. A critical review,” vol. 3, 2021. |
| [59] | H. J. Sang, R. M. Wambua, and J. M. Raude, “Yield Response, Water Use and Water Productivity of Tomato under Deficit Sub-Surface Drip Irrigation and Mulching,” vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 47–55, 2020. |
| [60] | M. A. Barakat, A. S. Osman, W. M. Semida, and M. A. Gyushi, “Integrated Use of Potassium and Soil Mulching on Growth and Productivity of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) under Deficit Irrigation,” Int. Lett. Nat. Sci., vol. 76, pp. 1–12, Aug. 2019, https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.76.1 |
| [61] | E. R. Dossou-yovo et al., “Improving soil quality and upland rice yield in northern Benin with no-tillage, rice straw mulch and nitrogen fertilization,” vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 117–131, 2016. |
| [62] | H. E. Igbadun, A. A. Ramalan, and E. Oiganji, “Effects of regulated deficit irrigation and mulch on yield, water use and crop water productivity of onion in Samaru, Nigeria,” Agric. Water Manag., vol. 109, pp. 162–169, Jun. 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.03.006 |
| [63] | Z. Tao, C. Li, J. Li, Z. Ding, J. Xu, and X. Sun, “ScienceDirect Tillage and straw mulching impacts on grain yield and water use efficiency of spring maize in Northern Huang – Huai – Hai Valley,” CJ, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 445–450, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2015.08.001 |
| [64] | L. Goel, V. Shankar, and R. K. Sharma, “Effect of organic mulches on agronomic parameters – A case study of tomato crop (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.),” Int. J. Recycl. Org. Waste Agric., vol. 9, pp. 297–307, 2020, https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1887263.1015 |
| [65] | V. K. Pandey and A. C. Mishra, “Effect of Mulches on Soil Moisture and Fruit Yield in Summer Tomato,” vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 2–4, 2012. |
| [66] | Z. T. Robel Admasu, “Integrated Effect of Mulching and Furrow Methods on Tomato (Lycopersiumesculentum L) Yield and Water Productivity at,” J. Nat. Sci. Res., vol. 9, no. 20, pp. 1–6, 2019. |
| [67] | B. Berihun, “Effect of mulching and amount of water on the yield of tomato under drip irrigation,” J. Hortic. For., vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 200–206, 2011, [Online]. Available: https://academicjournals.org/journal/JHF/article-full-text-pdf/6DB996C1546 |
| [68] | H. Tegen, Y. Dessalegn, and W. Mohammed, “Influence of mulching and varieties on growth and yield of tomato under polyhouse,” vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2015.0395 |
| [69] | M. M. Maboko, C. P. Du Plooy, M. A. Sithole, and A. Mbave, “Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L.) water use efficiency and yield under organic and inorganic mulch application,” J. Agric. Sci. Technol., vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1345–1354, 2017. |
| [70] | M. J. Amil, M. M. Unir, M. Q. Asim, J. A. Ud, I. N. B. Aloch, and K. R. Ehman, “Effect of Different Types of Mulches and Their Duration on the Growth and Yield of Garlic (Allium Sativum L.),” vol. 1, pp. 588–591, 2005. |
| [71] | Q. yan YAN et al., “Alternate row mulching optimizes soil temperature and water conditions and improves wheat yield in dryland farming,” J. Integr. Agric., vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 2558–2569, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61986-0 |
| [72] | G. S. and C. B. Singh, “Residue mulch and irrigation effects on onion productivity in a subtropical environment,” vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 701–711, 2018. |
| [73] | A. Nigusie, T. Wondimu, M. Jemal, R. Fikedu, and N. Kebede, “Integrated Effect of Mulching Materials and Furrow Irrigation Methods on Yield and Water use Efficiency of Onion (Allium cepa l.) at Amibara, Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia,” vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 278–284, 2020. |
| [74] | S. Biswas, D. Roy, K. Sarkar, A. Milla, K. Murad, and M. Anower, “Effects of Deficit Irrigation and Mulching on Seed Yield and Water Use of Onion (Allium cepa L.),” Int. J. Plant Soil Sci., vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 1–10, 2017, https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2017/36575 |
| [75] | A. M. Sali, Y. Alemayehu, and T. Hordofa, “Effects Deficit Irrigation and Mulching on Yield and Water Productivity of Furrow Irrigated Onion (Allium Cepa L.) Under Haramaya Condition, Eastern Ethiopia,” Turkish J. Agric. - Food Sci. Technol., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 360–367, 2022, https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10i2.360-367.4512 |
| [76] | I. Samui et al., “Yield Response, Nutritional Quality and Water Productivity of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are Influenced by Drip Irrigation and Straw Mulch in the Coastal Saline Ecosystem of Ganges Delta, India,” MDPI, vol. 12, 2020. |
| [77] | M. Abdrabbo, Z. Y. Maharik, M. H. Mohammed, and A. A. Farag, “Evaluation of mulch types and irrigation levels on productivity and water use,” vol. 36, pp. 128–150, 2021. |
| [78] | H. E. Igbadun, “Crop coefficients and yield response factors for onion (Allium Cepa. L) under deficit irrigation and mulch practices in Samaru, Nigeria,” African J. Agric. research, vol. 7, no. 36, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5897/ajar12.689 |
APA Style
Mekonen, B. M., Gelagile, D. B. (2024). Evaluating the Effects of Deficit Irrigation and Mulch Type on Yield and Yield Components of Onion in Fogera, Ethiopia. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 13(1), 6-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241301.12
ACS Style
Mekonen, B. M.; Gelagile, D. B. Evaluating the Effects of Deficit Irrigation and Mulch Type on Yield and Yield Components of Onion in Fogera, Ethiopia. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2024, 13(1), 6-22. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20241301.12
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.wros.20241301.12,
author = {Belachew Muche Mekonen and Demsew Bekele Gelagile},
title = {Evaluating the Effects of Deficit Irrigation and Mulch Type on Yield and Yield Components of Onion in Fogera, Ethiopia},
journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {6-22},
doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20241301.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241301.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20241301.12},
abstract = {Water scarcity is a challenge for current irrigated agriculture globally. Under these circumstances, new on-farm irrigation management strategies should be established. An experiment was conducted at Fogera in 2021 to evaluate the effects of deficit irrigation (DI) and mulch type on onion yield and yield components. A factorial combination of three levels of DI (100%ETc, 75%ETc, and 50%ETc) and three mulch types No Mulch (NM), White Plastic Mulch (WPM), and Rice Straw Mulch (RSM)) were evaluated in RCBD with three replications. Monthly ETo, ETc, and irrigation scheduling were computed using CROPWAT 8.0 model. These studies showed that the onion yield and yield components were significantly affected by the main and the interaction effects. The maximum average plant heights (PH), leaf heights (LH), and number of leaves per plant (LNP) of 51.7 cm, 38.0cm, and 10.4 respectively, were recorded from 100%ETc whereas the minimum PH, LH, and LNP of 39.5 cm, 29.0cm, and 6.9 were recorded from 50%ETc treatment respectively. The highest average bulb weight (BW), bulb diameter (BD), and bulb height (BH) were 117.9gr, 6.4, and 5.7 cm recorded from 100%ETc treatment respectively. In contrast, the minimum average BW, BD, and BH were 79.9gr, 4.8, and 5.0cm recorded from 50%ETc respectively. The highest PH, LH, and LNP of onions were 51.9cm, 40.6cm, and 10.1 respectively recorded from RSM treatments. In contrast, the minimum PH, LH, and LNP of onions were 41.5cm, 31.1cm, and 7.5 respectively, recorded from WPM treatments. Similarly, the highest mean BW, BH, and BD 106.2gr, 5.8cm, and 6.0cm were obtained from the treatments of RSM respectively. In contrast, the lowest mean BW, BH, and BD 100.7gr, 5.0cm, and 5.3cm were obtained from NM treatments respectively. The interaction effects of DI and mulch showed that the onion yield at 100%ETc with RSM was 7.5% higher than that at 100%ETc with NM and 15.1% higher than the yield at 100%ETc with PM. The highest BW, BH, and BD of the onion 121.8 gr, 6.2, and 6.8 were obtained when the onions received 100%ETc and mulched with RS while the lowest average BW, BH, and BD of the onion were 77.3gr, 4.6cm and 4.1cm were obtained from 50%ETc with NM treatment combination. These results showed that RSM with 75%ETc improves onion yield and yield components.
},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating the Effects of Deficit Irrigation and Mulch Type on Yield and Yield Components of Onion in Fogera, Ethiopia AU - Belachew Muche Mekonen AU - Demsew Bekele Gelagile Y1 - 2024/03/20 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241301.12 DO - 10.11648/j.wros.20241301.12 T2 - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science JF - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science JO - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science SP - 6 EP - 22 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-7993 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241301.12 AB - Water scarcity is a challenge for current irrigated agriculture globally. Under these circumstances, new on-farm irrigation management strategies should be established. An experiment was conducted at Fogera in 2021 to evaluate the effects of deficit irrigation (DI) and mulch type on onion yield and yield components. A factorial combination of three levels of DI (100%ETc, 75%ETc, and 50%ETc) and three mulch types No Mulch (NM), White Plastic Mulch (WPM), and Rice Straw Mulch (RSM)) were evaluated in RCBD with three replications. Monthly ETo, ETc, and irrigation scheduling were computed using CROPWAT 8.0 model. These studies showed that the onion yield and yield components were significantly affected by the main and the interaction effects. The maximum average plant heights (PH), leaf heights (LH), and number of leaves per plant (LNP) of 51.7 cm, 38.0cm, and 10.4 respectively, were recorded from 100%ETc whereas the minimum PH, LH, and LNP of 39.5 cm, 29.0cm, and 6.9 were recorded from 50%ETc treatment respectively. The highest average bulb weight (BW), bulb diameter (BD), and bulb height (BH) were 117.9gr, 6.4, and 5.7 cm recorded from 100%ETc treatment respectively. In contrast, the minimum average BW, BD, and BH were 79.9gr, 4.8, and 5.0cm recorded from 50%ETc respectively. The highest PH, LH, and LNP of onions were 51.9cm, 40.6cm, and 10.1 respectively recorded from RSM treatments. In contrast, the minimum PH, LH, and LNP of onions were 41.5cm, 31.1cm, and 7.5 respectively, recorded from WPM treatments. Similarly, the highest mean BW, BH, and BD 106.2gr, 5.8cm, and 6.0cm were obtained from the treatments of RSM respectively. In contrast, the lowest mean BW, BH, and BD 100.7gr, 5.0cm, and 5.3cm were obtained from NM treatments respectively. The interaction effects of DI and mulch showed that the onion yield at 100%ETc with RSM was 7.5% higher than that at 100%ETc with NM and 15.1% higher than the yield at 100%ETc with PM. The highest BW, BH, and BD of the onion 121.8 gr, 6.2, and 6.8 were obtained when the onions received 100%ETc and mulched with RS while the lowest average BW, BH, and BD of the onion were 77.3gr, 4.6cm and 4.1cm were obtained from 50%ETc with NM treatment combination. These results showed that RSM with 75%ETc improves onion yield and yield components. VL - 13 IS - 1 ER -
Irrigation Engineering, Fogera National Rice Research and Training Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
