Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Two Cameroonian Herbal Plants of Genus <i>Triumfetta rhomboidea</i> and <i>Dorstenia elliptica</i> Using the MTT and Neutral Red Assays

Tembe-Fokunang Estella; Fokunang Charles; Hoare Gary; Salwa Barkwan; Ngameni Bathelemy; Tsague Marthe; Paul Tomkins; Nwabo Kamdje Armel Herve; Ngadjui Bonaventure

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jdmp.20170306.11

Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Two Cameroonian Herbal Plants of Genus Triumfetta rhomboidea and Dorstenia elliptica Using the MTT and Neutral Red Assays

Tembe-Fokunang Estella, Fokunang Charles, Hoare Gary, Salwa Barkwan, Ngameni Bathelemy, Tsague Marthe, Paul Tomkins, Nwabo Kamdje Armel Herve, Ngadjui Bonaventure

Published in Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants (Volume 3, Issue 6)

Received: 22 October 2017 Accepted: 6 November 2017 Published: 13 December 2017

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Abstract

The use of herbal plants in Cameroonian ethno-medicine has been gained some importance in the treatment of various illnesses and many studies on these plants well documented. Hundreds of plant species, and their extracts, are used in developing countries to treat numerous diseases despite the fact that only a small number are approved for therapeutic use by the FDA. For instance, some species of the Triumfetta rhomboidea and Dorstenia elliptica genus have been used in the treatment of infectious diseases, abdominal pain and as anti-inflammatory agents. However, the cytotoxic effects of these plants have not been studied in detail, nor have their molecular structures been identified. The study objective was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of these medicinal plants using both MTT and neutral red assays. This was experimental analytical studies conducted with two herbal plants identified by the national herbarium centre for authentication. To determine the cytotoxic effects of the plant species, Hep G2 cells were exposed to extracts taken from plant species at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 µg/ml and the cytotoxic effects determined using both MTT and Neutral Red assays. Using both MTT and Neutral Red assays, the cytotoxicity of each plant species was determined. Cells treated with all other extracts of the plant species, cytotoxic effects were observed in at least one concentration tested. Results obtained for the MTT assay for cells treated with various concentrations of the methanol crude extract of the leaf of T. rhomboidea and Dorstenia elliptica showed a significant difference between control samples and those treated with 1µg/ml, 10µg/ml and 100µg/ml of sample. In addition, significant differences were observed between samples treated with 0.1µg/ml and 10µg/ml and 100µg/ml of sample. Results obtained for the neutral red assay for this species showed no significant difference in absorbance levels between control samples, and those treated with any concentration of the plant extract tested. However, significant differences were detected for this species in the neutral red assay between samples treated with 0.1µg/ml of extract and 10µg/ml extract, in addition to significant differences being detected in samples treated with 0.1µg/ml and 100µg/ml of extract. Other plant species tested during this study may not be suitable for use in medicine because of their potential cytotoxic effects.

Published in	Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants (Volume 3, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.jdmp.20170306.11
Page(s)	97-103
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cytotoxicity, MTT, NR, Dorstenia, Triumfetta

References

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[2]	Fokunang CN, Ndikum V, Tabi OY, Jiofack, R. B, Ngameni B, Guedje N. M, Tembe-Fokunang, E. A, Tomkins P, Barkwan S, Kechia, F, Asongalem E, Ngoupayou J, Torimiro, NJ, Gonsu KH1, Sielinou V, Ngadjui BT, Angwafor III F, Nkongmeneck A, Abena OM, Ngogang J, Asonganyi T, Colizzi V., Lohoue J, Kamsu-Kom. Traditional Medicine: Past, Present And Future Research And Development Prospects And Integration In The National Health System Of Cameroon. African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicine. (2011) 8(3):284-295 284.
[3]	KamguiaGuifo HF, Fokunang CN, Ngameni B, Njinkio NBTembe-Fokunang EA. Effet Cytoprotecteur De L’extrait Aqueux Des Racines De Dorstenia Psilurus Sur L’ulcere Gastrique Chez Les Rats Males De La Souche Wistar. Health Sci. Dis 2011: Vol 12 (4) 195-206.
[4]	Guedje NM, Tadjouteu F, Dongmo RF, Jiofack RBT, Tsabang N, Fokunang CN, Fotso S. Medicine traditionelle Africaine (MTR) et phytomedicaments:Defis et strategies de development. Health Sciences and Disease 2012:12 (3).122-146. ISBN1684-2782.
[5]	Fokunang CN, Mejane NN, Noumie E, Ngameni B, Gonsu HK, Kechia FA, Awousong KP, Guedge NM, Jiofack RT, Fokunang-Tembe EA, Ngoupayo J, Ndikum V, Tabi OY, Ngadjui BT.2011. In vitro evaluation of the anti-bacterial properties of crude extracts of Dorsteniamannii (Moraceae). Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials 2012. Vol. 4(6), pp. 88-95, http://www.academicjournals.org/JMA. DOI:10.5897/JMA10.051 ISSN 2141-2308
[6]	Fouondo M, Nyangono B, Fokunang CN, Ngameni B, Fernande, Ngondi JL., Tembe-Fokunang EA,. Oben JE. Evaluation of Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity of ethanolic and hydroethanolic extracts of the fruits and twigs of Ficusovatavahl (Moraceae). Health Sciences and Disease 2012:12 (3) 105-110 ISBN1684-2782
[7]	Ngameni, B., Kuete, V., Simo, I. K., Mbaveng, A. T., Awoussong, P. K., Patnam, R., Roy, R., and Ngadjui, B. T.. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the crude extract and compounds from Dorstenia turbinate (Moraceae). S. Afr. J. Bot.2009:75, 256–261.
[8]	Ngameni, B., Touaibia, M., Belkaid, A., Ambassa, P., Watchueng, J., Patnama, R., Ngadjui, B. T., Annabi, B., and Roy, R. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase- 2 secretion by chalcones from the twigs of Dorsteniabarteri bureau. Arkivoc 2007., 9, 91–103.
[9]	Ngameni B, Touaibia M, Patnam R, Belkaid A, Sonna P, Ngadjui BT, Annabi B, Roy R. Inhibition of MMP-2 secretion from brain tumor cells suggests chemopreventive properties of a furanocoumarin glycoside and of chalcones isolated from the twigs of Dorsteniaturbinata. Phytochemistry2006. 67, 2573–2579.
[10]	Kuete V, Efferth Cameroonian medicinal plants: pharmacology and derivednatural products. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2010, 1:(123) 1-19. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2010.00123. www.frontiersin.org
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APA Style

Tembe-Fokunang Estella, Fokunang Charles, Hoare Gary, Salwa Barkwan, Ngameni Bathelemy, et al. (2017). Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Two Cameroonian Herbal Plants of Genus Triumfetta rhomboidea and Dorstenia elliptica Using the MTT and Neutral Red Assays. Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants, 3(6), 97-103. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20170306.11

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ACS Style

Tembe-Fokunang Estella; Fokunang Charles; Hoare Gary; Salwa Barkwan; Ngameni Bathelemy, et al. Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Two Cameroonian Herbal Plants of Genus Triumfetta rhomboidea and Dorstenia elliptica Using the MTT and Neutral Red Assays. J. Dis. Med. Plants 2017, 3(6), 97-103. doi: 10.11648/j.jdmp.20170306.11

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AMA Style

Tembe-Fokunang Estella, Fokunang Charles, Hoare Gary, Salwa Barkwan, Ngameni Bathelemy, et al. Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Two Cameroonian Herbal Plants of Genus Triumfetta rhomboidea and Dorstenia elliptica Using the MTT and Neutral Red Assays. J Dis Med Plants. 2017;3(6):97-103. doi: 10.11648/j.jdmp.20170306.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jdmp.20170306.11,
  author = {Tembe-Fokunang Estella and Fokunang Charles and Hoare Gary and Salwa Barkwan and Ngameni Bathelemy and Tsague Marthe and Paul Tomkins and Nwabo Kamdje Armel Herve and Ngadjui Bonaventure},
  title = {Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Two Cameroonian Herbal Plants of Genus Triumfetta rhomboidea and Dorstenia elliptica Using the MTT and Neutral Red Assays},
  journal = {Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {97-103},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jdmp.20170306.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20170306.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jdmp.20170306.11},
  abstract = {The use of herbal plants in Cameroonian ethno-medicine has been gained some importance in the treatment of various illnesses and many studies on these plants well documented. Hundreds of plant species, and their extracts, are used in developing countries to treat numerous diseases despite the fact that only a small number are approved for therapeutic use by the FDA. For instance, some species of the Triumfetta rhomboidea and Dorstenia elliptica genus have been used in the treatment of infectious diseases, abdominal pain and as anti-inflammatory agents. However, the cytotoxic effects of these plants have not been studied in detail, nor have their molecular structures been identified. The study objective was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of these medicinal plants using both MTT and neutral red assays. This was experimental analytical studies conducted with two herbal plants identified by the national herbarium centre for authentication. To determine the cytotoxic effects of the plant species, Hep G2 cells were exposed to extracts taken from plant species at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 µg/ml and the cytotoxic effects determined using both MTT and Neutral Red assays. Using both MTT and Neutral Red assays, the cytotoxicity of each plant species was determined. Cells treated with all other extracts of the plant species, cytotoxic effects were observed in at least one concentration tested. Results obtained for the MTT assay for cells treated with various concentrations of the methanol crude extract of the leaf of T. rhomboidea and Dorstenia elliptica showed a significant difference between control samples and those treated with 1µg/ml, 10µg/ml and 100µg/ml of sample. In addition, significant differences were observed between samples treated with 0.1µg/ml and 10µg/ml and 100µg/ml of sample. Results obtained for the neutral red assay for this species showed no significant difference in absorbance levels between control samples, and those treated with any concentration of the plant extract tested. However, significant differences were detected for this species in the neutral red assay between samples treated with 0.1µg/ml of extract and 10µg/ml extract, in addition to significant differences being detected in samples treated with 0.1µg/ml and 100µg/ml of extract. Other plant species tested during this study may not be suitable for use in medicine because of their potential cytotoxic effects.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Two Cameroonian Herbal Plants of Genus Triumfetta rhomboidea and Dorstenia elliptica Using the MTT and Neutral Red Assays
AU  - Tembe-Fokunang Estella
AU  - Fokunang Charles
AU  - Hoare Gary
AU  - Salwa Barkwan
AU  - Ngameni Bathelemy
AU  - Tsague Marthe
AU  - Paul Tomkins
AU  - Nwabo Kamdje Armel Herve
AU  - Ngadjui Bonaventure
Y1  - 2017/12/13
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20170306.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jdmp.20170306.11
T2  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
JF  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
JO  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
SP  - 97
EP  - 103
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8210
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20170306.11
AB  - The use of herbal plants in Cameroonian ethno-medicine has been gained some importance in the treatment of various illnesses and many studies on these plants well documented. Hundreds of plant species, and their extracts, are used in developing countries to treat numerous diseases despite the fact that only a small number are approved for therapeutic use by the FDA. For instance, some species of the Triumfetta rhomboidea and Dorstenia elliptica genus have been used in the treatment of infectious diseases, abdominal pain and as anti-inflammatory agents. However, the cytotoxic effects of these plants have not been studied in detail, nor have their molecular structures been identified. The study objective was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of these medicinal plants using both MTT and neutral red assays. This was experimental analytical studies conducted with two herbal plants identified by the national herbarium centre for authentication. To determine the cytotoxic effects of the plant species, Hep G2 cells were exposed to extracts taken from plant species at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 µg/ml and the cytotoxic effects determined using both MTT and Neutral Red assays. Using both MTT and Neutral Red assays, the cytotoxicity of each plant species was determined. Cells treated with all other extracts of the plant species, cytotoxic effects were observed in at least one concentration tested. Results obtained for the MTT assay for cells treated with various concentrations of the methanol crude extract of the leaf of T. rhomboidea and Dorstenia elliptica showed a significant difference between control samples and those treated with 1µg/ml, 10µg/ml and 100µg/ml of sample. In addition, significant differences were observed between samples treated with 0.1µg/ml and 10µg/ml and 100µg/ml of sample. Results obtained for the neutral red assay for this species showed no significant difference in absorbance levels between control samples, and those treated with any concentration of the plant extract tested. However, significant differences were detected for this species in the neutral red assay between samples treated with 0.1µg/ml of extract and 10µg/ml extract, in addition to significant differences being detected in samples treated with 0.1µg/ml and 100µg/ml of extract. Other plant species tested during this study may not be suitable for use in medicine because of their potential cytotoxic effects.
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Tembe-Fokunang Estella

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Pharmacopoeia, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Fokunang Charles

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Pharmacopoeia, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Hoare Gary

Centre for Biopolymer and Bio-molecular Research, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Republic of Ireland
Salwa Barkwan

Centre for Biopolymer and Bio-molecular Research, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Republic of Ireland
Ngameni Bathelemy

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Pharmacopoeia, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Tsague Marthe

Department of Biomedical Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
Paul Tomkins

Centre for Biopolymer and Bio-molecular Research, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Republic of Ireland
Nwabo Kamdje Armel Herve

Department of Biomedical Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
Ngadjui Bonaventure

Centre for Biopolymer and Bio-molecular Research, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Republic of Ireland

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APA Style

Tembe-Fokunang Estella, Fokunang Charles, Hoare Gary, Salwa Barkwan, Ngameni Bathelemy, et al. (2017). Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Two Cameroonian Herbal Plants of Genus Triumfetta rhomboidea and Dorstenia elliptica Using the MTT and Neutral Red Assays. Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants, 3(6), 97-103. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20170306.11

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ACS Style

Tembe-Fokunang Estella; Fokunang Charles; Hoare Gary; Salwa Barkwan; Ngameni Bathelemy, et al. Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Two Cameroonian Herbal Plants of Genus Triumfetta rhomboidea and Dorstenia elliptica Using the MTT and Neutral Red Assays. J. Dis. Med. Plants 2017, 3(6), 97-103. doi: 10.11648/j.jdmp.20170306.11

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AMA Style

Tembe-Fokunang Estella, Fokunang Charles, Hoare Gary, Salwa Barkwan, Ngameni Bathelemy, et al. Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Two Cameroonian Herbal Plants of Genus Triumfetta rhomboidea and Dorstenia elliptica Using the MTT and Neutral Red Assays. J Dis Med Plants. 2017;3(6):97-103. doi: 10.11648/j.jdmp.20170306.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jdmp.20170306.11,
  author = {Tembe-Fokunang Estella and Fokunang Charles and Hoare Gary and Salwa Barkwan and Ngameni Bathelemy and Tsague Marthe and Paul Tomkins and Nwabo Kamdje Armel Herve and Ngadjui Bonaventure},
  title = {Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Two Cameroonian Herbal Plants of Genus Triumfetta rhomboidea and Dorstenia elliptica Using the MTT and Neutral Red Assays},
  journal = {Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {97-103},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jdmp.20170306.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20170306.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jdmp.20170306.11},
  abstract = {The use of herbal plants in Cameroonian ethno-medicine has been gained some importance in the treatment of various illnesses and many studies on these plants well documented. Hundreds of plant species, and their extracts, are used in developing countries to treat numerous diseases despite the fact that only a small number are approved for therapeutic use by the FDA. For instance, some species of the Triumfetta rhomboidea and Dorstenia elliptica genus have been used in the treatment of infectious diseases, abdominal pain and as anti-inflammatory agents. However, the cytotoxic effects of these plants have not been studied in detail, nor have their molecular structures been identified. The study objective was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of these medicinal plants using both MTT and neutral red assays. This was experimental analytical studies conducted with two herbal plants identified by the national herbarium centre for authentication. To determine the cytotoxic effects of the plant species, Hep G2 cells were exposed to extracts taken from plant species at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 µg/ml and the cytotoxic effects determined using both MTT and Neutral Red assays. Using both MTT and Neutral Red assays, the cytotoxicity of each plant species was determined. Cells treated with all other extracts of the plant species, cytotoxic effects were observed in at least one concentration tested. Results obtained for the MTT assay for cells treated with various concentrations of the methanol crude extract of the leaf of T. rhomboidea and Dorstenia elliptica showed a significant difference between control samples and those treated with 1µg/ml, 10µg/ml and 100µg/ml of sample. In addition, significant differences were observed between samples treated with 0.1µg/ml and 10µg/ml and 100µg/ml of sample. Results obtained for the neutral red assay for this species showed no significant difference in absorbance levels between control samples, and those treated with any concentration of the plant extract tested. However, significant differences were detected for this species in the neutral red assay between samples treated with 0.1µg/ml of extract and 10µg/ml extract, in addition to significant differences being detected in samples treated with 0.1µg/ml and 100µg/ml of extract. Other plant species tested during this study may not be suitable for use in medicine because of their potential cytotoxic effects.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Two Cameroonian Herbal Plants of Genus Triumfetta rhomboidea and Dorstenia elliptica Using the MTT and Neutral Red Assays
AU  - Tembe-Fokunang Estella
AU  - Fokunang Charles
AU  - Hoare Gary
AU  - Salwa Barkwan
AU  - Ngameni Bathelemy
AU  - Tsague Marthe
AU  - Paul Tomkins
AU  - Nwabo Kamdje Armel Herve
AU  - Ngadjui Bonaventure
Y1  - 2017/12/13
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20170306.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jdmp.20170306.11
T2  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
JF  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
JO  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
SP  - 97
EP  - 103
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8210
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20170306.11
AB  - The use of herbal plants in Cameroonian ethno-medicine has been gained some importance in the treatment of various illnesses and many studies on these plants well documented. Hundreds of plant species, and their extracts, are used in developing countries to treat numerous diseases despite the fact that only a small number are approved for therapeutic use by the FDA. For instance, some species of the Triumfetta rhomboidea and Dorstenia elliptica genus have been used in the treatment of infectious diseases, abdominal pain and as anti-inflammatory agents. However, the cytotoxic effects of these plants have not been studied in detail, nor have their molecular structures been identified. The study objective was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of these medicinal plants using both MTT and neutral red assays. This was experimental analytical studies conducted with two herbal plants identified by the national herbarium centre for authentication. To determine the cytotoxic effects of the plant species, Hep G2 cells were exposed to extracts taken from plant species at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 µg/ml and the cytotoxic effects determined using both MTT and Neutral Red assays. Using both MTT and Neutral Red assays, the cytotoxicity of each plant species was determined. Cells treated with all other extracts of the plant species, cytotoxic effects were observed in at least one concentration tested. Results obtained for the MTT assay for cells treated with various concentrations of the methanol crude extract of the leaf of T. rhomboidea and Dorstenia elliptica showed a significant difference between control samples and those treated with 1µg/ml, 10µg/ml and 100µg/ml of sample. In addition, significant differences were observed between samples treated with 0.1µg/ml and 10µg/ml and 100µg/ml of sample. Results obtained for the neutral red assay for this species showed no significant difference in absorbance levels between control samples, and those treated with any concentration of the plant extract tested. However, significant differences were detected for this species in the neutral red assay between samples treated with 0.1µg/ml of extract and 10µg/ml extract, in addition to significant differences being detected in samples treated with 0.1µg/ml and 100µg/ml of extract. Other plant species tested during this study may not be suitable for use in medicine because of their potential cytotoxic effects.
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
ER  -

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