Total Hydrocarbon Contents: Spatial Variations in Aquatic Environment of Oyigbo Communities, Rivers State

Samuel Paul; Elechi Owhoeke; Julius Nkeonyeasua Ehiwario

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijepp.20221001.11

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Total Hydrocarbon Contents: Spatial Variations in Aquatic Environment of Oyigbo Communities, Rivers State

Samuel Paul, Elechi Owhoeke, Julius Nkeonyeasua Ehiwario

Published in International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy (Volume 10, Issue 1)

Received: 30 January 2022 Accepted: 22 February 2022 Published: 9 March 2022

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Abstract

The Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) in fresh surface waters and sediments of Oyigbo communities in Rivers State were determined using Gas Chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector (GCFID). Fresh surface water and sediments samples were taken from different locations in four communities namely; Umuagbai, Komkom, Egberu, and Izuoma. Result of the analysis revealed thus: mean of total hydrocarbon content in surface water and sediment as 7.869±1.166 mg/L and 12.01±0.856 mg/kg respectively. The total hydrocarbon content obtained from the various locations in surface water were Umuagbai (8.529±1.208 mg/L), Komkom (9.212±1.009 mg/L), Izuoma (6.701±1.670 mg/L), and Egberu (7.034±0.778 mg/L). In sediment the total hydrocarbon content obtained were; Umuagbai (12.62±0.585 mg/kg), Komkom (16.12±1.790 mg/kg), Izuoma (8.627±0.585 mg/kg), and Egberu (10.67±0.465 mg/kg). The result showed that the sediment had more total hydrocarbon content than the surface water, which is expected because the sediment is a reservoir for the water. The sediment and surface water THC levels were lower than the WHO permissible standard which indicates low risk level. The result showed some elevated concentration especially for the sediment sample which is noticed mostly in sediments and surface waters from Komkom community samples. It is recommended that usage of the water and even consumption of fish from the said river should be limited and anthropogenic actions within the study area should be limited.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy (Volume 10, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijepp.20221001.11
Page(s)	1-5
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Total Hydrocarbon Content, Spatial Variations, Sediments, Surface Water, Oyigbo

References

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[15]	Aigberua OA, Ekubo TA, Inengite KA, Izah CS. (2016). Evaluation of Total Hydrocarbon Content and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in an Oil Spill Contaminated Soil in Rumuolukwu Community in Niger Delta. J Environ. Treat. Tech. 2016; 4 (4): 130-142.
[16]	Edwin-Wosu NL, Albert E. (2010). Total petroleum hydrocarbon content (TPH) as an index assessment of macrophytic remediation process of a crude oil contaminated soil environment. J. Appl. Sci. and Environ. Manage. 2010; 14 (1): 39–42.
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APA Style

Samuel Paul, Elechi Owhoeke, Julius Nkeonyeasua Ehiwario. (2022). Total Hydrocarbon Contents: Spatial Variations in Aquatic Environment of Oyigbo Communities, Rivers State. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 10(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221001.11

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ACS Style

Samuel Paul; Elechi Owhoeke; Julius Nkeonyeasua Ehiwario. Total Hydrocarbon Contents: Spatial Variations in Aquatic Environment of Oyigbo Communities, Rivers State. Int. J. Environ. Prot. Policy 2022, 10(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20221001.11

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AMA Style

Samuel Paul, Elechi Owhoeke, Julius Nkeonyeasua Ehiwario. Total Hydrocarbon Contents: Spatial Variations in Aquatic Environment of Oyigbo Communities, Rivers State. Int J Environ Prot Policy. 2022;10(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20221001.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijepp.20221001.11,
  author = {Samuel Paul and Elechi Owhoeke and Julius Nkeonyeasua Ehiwario},
  title = {Total Hydrocarbon Contents: Spatial Variations in Aquatic Environment of Oyigbo Communities, Rivers State},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-5},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijepp.20221001.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221001.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepp.20221001.11},
  abstract = {The Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) in fresh surface waters and sediments of Oyigbo communities in Rivers State were determined using Gas Chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector (GCFID). Fresh surface water and sediments samples were taken from different locations in four communities namely; Umuagbai, Komkom, Egberu, and Izuoma. Result of the analysis revealed thus: mean of total hydrocarbon content in surface water and sediment as 7.869±1.166 mg/L and 12.01±0.856 mg/kg respectively. The total hydrocarbon content obtained from the various locations in surface water were Umuagbai (8.529±1.208 mg/L), Komkom (9.212±1.009 mg/L), Izuoma (6.701±1.670 mg/L), and Egberu (7.034±0.778 mg/L). In sediment the total hydrocarbon content obtained were; Umuagbai (12.62±0.585 mg/kg), Komkom (16.12±1.790 mg/kg), Izuoma (8.627±0.585 mg/kg), and Egberu (10.67±0.465 mg/kg). The result showed that the sediment had more total hydrocarbon content than the surface water, which is expected because the sediment is a reservoir for the water. The sediment and surface water THC levels were lower than the WHO permissible standard which indicates low risk level. The result showed some elevated concentration especially for the sediment sample which is noticed mostly in sediments and surface waters from Komkom community samples. It is recommended that usage of the water and even consumption of fish from the said river should be limited and anthropogenic actions within the study area should be limited.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Total Hydrocarbon Contents: Spatial Variations in Aquatic Environment of Oyigbo Communities, Rivers State
AU  - Samuel Paul
AU  - Elechi Owhoeke
AU  - Julius Nkeonyeasua Ehiwario
Y1  - 2022/03/09
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221001.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepp.20221001.11
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7536
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221001.11
AB  - The Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) in fresh surface waters and sediments of Oyigbo communities in Rivers State were determined using Gas Chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector (GCFID). Fresh surface water and sediments samples were taken from different locations in four communities namely; Umuagbai, Komkom, Egberu, and Izuoma. Result of the analysis revealed thus: mean of total hydrocarbon content in surface water and sediment as 7.869±1.166 mg/L and 12.01±0.856 mg/kg respectively. The total hydrocarbon content obtained from the various locations in surface water were Umuagbai (8.529±1.208 mg/L), Komkom (9.212±1.009 mg/L), Izuoma (6.701±1.670 mg/L), and Egberu (7.034±0.778 mg/L). In sediment the total hydrocarbon content obtained were; Umuagbai (12.62±0.585 mg/kg), Komkom (16.12±1.790 mg/kg), Izuoma (8.627±0.585 mg/kg), and Egberu (10.67±0.465 mg/kg). The result showed that the sediment had more total hydrocarbon content than the surface water, which is expected because the sediment is a reservoir for the water. The sediment and surface water THC levels were lower than the WHO permissible standard which indicates low risk level. The result showed some elevated concentration especially for the sediment sample which is noticed mostly in sediments and surface waters from Komkom community samples. It is recommended that usage of the water and even consumption of fish from the said river should be limited and anthropogenic actions within the study area should be limited.
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Samuel Paul

African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Elechi Owhoeke

Department of Industrial Chemistry/Petrochemical Technology (SSLT), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Julius Nkeonyeasua Ehiwario

Department of Biological Sciences, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria

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APA Style

Samuel Paul, Elechi Owhoeke, Julius Nkeonyeasua Ehiwario. (2022). Total Hydrocarbon Contents: Spatial Variations in Aquatic Environment of Oyigbo Communities, Rivers State. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 10(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221001.11

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ACS Style

Samuel Paul; Elechi Owhoeke; Julius Nkeonyeasua Ehiwario. Total Hydrocarbon Contents: Spatial Variations in Aquatic Environment of Oyigbo Communities, Rivers State. Int. J. Environ. Prot. Policy 2022, 10(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20221001.11

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AMA Style

Samuel Paul, Elechi Owhoeke, Julius Nkeonyeasua Ehiwario. Total Hydrocarbon Contents: Spatial Variations in Aquatic Environment of Oyigbo Communities, Rivers State. Int J Environ Prot Policy. 2022;10(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20221001.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijepp.20221001.11,
  author = {Samuel Paul and Elechi Owhoeke and Julius Nkeonyeasua Ehiwario},
  title = {Total Hydrocarbon Contents: Spatial Variations in Aquatic Environment of Oyigbo Communities, Rivers State},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-5},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijepp.20221001.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221001.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepp.20221001.11},
  abstract = {The Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) in fresh surface waters and sediments of Oyigbo communities in Rivers State were determined using Gas Chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector (GCFID). Fresh surface water and sediments samples were taken from different locations in four communities namely; Umuagbai, Komkom, Egberu, and Izuoma. Result of the analysis revealed thus: mean of total hydrocarbon content in surface water and sediment as 7.869±1.166 mg/L and 12.01±0.856 mg/kg respectively. The total hydrocarbon content obtained from the various locations in surface water were Umuagbai (8.529±1.208 mg/L), Komkom (9.212±1.009 mg/L), Izuoma (6.701±1.670 mg/L), and Egberu (7.034±0.778 mg/L). In sediment the total hydrocarbon content obtained were; Umuagbai (12.62±0.585 mg/kg), Komkom (16.12±1.790 mg/kg), Izuoma (8.627±0.585 mg/kg), and Egberu (10.67±0.465 mg/kg). The result showed that the sediment had more total hydrocarbon content than the surface water, which is expected because the sediment is a reservoir for the water. The sediment and surface water THC levels were lower than the WHO permissible standard which indicates low risk level. The result showed some elevated concentration especially for the sediment sample which is noticed mostly in sediments and surface waters from Komkom community samples. It is recommended that usage of the water and even consumption of fish from the said river should be limited and anthropogenic actions within the study area should be limited.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Total Hydrocarbon Contents: Spatial Variations in Aquatic Environment of Oyigbo Communities, Rivers State
AU  - Samuel Paul
AU  - Elechi Owhoeke
AU  - Julius Nkeonyeasua Ehiwario
Y1  - 2022/03/09
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221001.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepp.20221001.11
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7536
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221001.11
AB  - The Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) in fresh surface waters and sediments of Oyigbo communities in Rivers State were determined using Gas Chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector (GCFID). Fresh surface water and sediments samples were taken from different locations in four communities namely; Umuagbai, Komkom, Egberu, and Izuoma. Result of the analysis revealed thus: mean of total hydrocarbon content in surface water and sediment as 7.869±1.166 mg/L and 12.01±0.856 mg/kg respectively. The total hydrocarbon content obtained from the various locations in surface water were Umuagbai (8.529±1.208 mg/L), Komkom (9.212±1.009 mg/L), Izuoma (6.701±1.670 mg/L), and Egberu (7.034±0.778 mg/L). In sediment the total hydrocarbon content obtained were; Umuagbai (12.62±0.585 mg/kg), Komkom (16.12±1.790 mg/kg), Izuoma (8.627±0.585 mg/kg), and Egberu (10.67±0.465 mg/kg). The result showed that the sediment had more total hydrocarbon content than the surface water, which is expected because the sediment is a reservoir for the water. The sediment and surface water THC levels were lower than the WHO permissible standard which indicates low risk level. The result showed some elevated concentration especially for the sediment sample which is noticed mostly in sediments and surface waters from Komkom community samples. It is recommended that usage of the water and even consumption of fish from the said river should be limited and anthropogenic actions within the study area should be limited.
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
ER  -

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