Physical, Chemical and Biological Factors as Occupational Health and Safety Hazards Among Workers in Cement Industries in the South-South Region of Nigeria

Noah Oluwatope Emmanuel; Achalu Ernest; Kingsley Douglas

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ejpm.20221001.14

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Physical, Chemical and Biological Factors as Occupational Health and Safety Hazards Among Workers in Cement Industries in the South-South Region of Nigeria

Noah Oluwatope Emmanuel, Achalu Ernest, Kingsley Douglas

Published in European Journal of Preventive Medicine (Volume 10, Issue 1)

Received: 26 October 2021 Accepted: 12 November 2021 Published: 5 February 2022

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Abstract

Hazard in the workplace can cause illness or injury to the mental, physical and social wellbeing and thereby cause loss of production or working time. Workers in cement factories may not be fully aware of the factors responsible for health and safety hazards in their workplace, hence this study in order to find out if physical, chemical and biological factors are responsible for occupational health and safety hazards among workers in cement industries in the South-South region of Nigeria. Consequently, the population for the study consisted of site workers in two cement industries in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The population consists of more Male workers which represent 70% of the total population and few female workers which represent 30% of the total population for the study. A total of 403 questionnaires were distributed with 391 returned giving a return rate of 97.02%. The returned questionnaires were examined and 6 were rejected because they were incomplete or responses were unclear, while 12 were not retrieved. The final 385 questionnaires (98.5%) of the returned questionnaires are considered to be representative of the sample and were used for analysis. The study adopted a multi-stage sampling procedure and Taro Yamane formula to draw the samples. The study revealed that physical, chemical and biological factors were responsible for health and safety hazards among workers. Recommendations were thereby made which are personal protective equipment against physical, chemical and biological hazards should be provided and the use enforced at all times while periodic medical examination policy should be adopted by management to help reduce cases of health problems.

Published in	European Journal of Preventive Medicine (Volume 10, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ejpm.20221001.14
Page(s)	17-21
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Physical, Chemical, Biological, Occupational Health and Safety Hazards, Cement Industries

References

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[5]	Merenu, T. A (2011), ‘Health hazards of cement industries’, European Medical Journal, Vol. 2, (1) pp. 153-159.
[6]	Gautam, E. S. & Prasain, M. (2011) Behavior-based safety and occupational risk management. Journal of Behavior Modification. 29 (3), 539-567.
[7]	Canfeng, Z, Shujie, Y, & Dong, L (2012). ‘Comprehensive control of the noise occupational hazard in cement plant’. Procedia Engineering,. 43., 186–190.
[8]	Ekenedo, G. O. (2010). Comprehensive first aid and safety. The Glory of the latter house Publishers: Port Harcourt.
[9]	Omokiri, R. (2012). Essential duties of a safety Officer. Port Harcourt, Mafinew and sons Nig. Ltd. Publishers.
[10]	Asogwa, S. E (2007). A guide to occupational practice in developing countries. Enugu: Snap Publishers.
[11]	Clausen, T., Christensen, K. B., Lund, T., & Kristiansen, 1. (2012). Self-reported noise exposure as a risk factor for long-term sickness absence. Journal of Environmental Health, 11 (43), 93-97.
[12]	Cumbane, AJ (2011), ‘Environmental health and safety aspects in the cement industry’, http://www.spin.bam.de/en/spin_media/spin_environmental_health_and_safety_aspects_in_the_cement_industry.pdf, viewed 27 March 2015.
[13]	Cherry, N. M., Meyer, J. D., & Holt, D. L. (2011). Surveillance of work related diseases by occupational physicians in the UK. Journal of Occupational Medicine, (50), 496-503.
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[15]	Etuk, M. (l998). Occupational health and safety. Calabar, Nigeria: Dorland Publishers Ltd.
[16]	Saucier, H. J. & James. R. (2004). Effects of health promotion on knowledge, attitude and practice of workers in cement factory in south-western Nigeria. Journal of Health Science. 3. (2), 21-30.
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[18]	Nwachukwu, A. E. (2015). Industrial and occupational health and safety (1^st ed.), Owerri. Totan Publishers Limited.
[19]	Jain & Sunil, M. B., (20l3). Health risks associated with workers in cement factories in Dangote cement factory. International Journal of Research, Science and Inovations. 3, (1). 50-53.
[20]	Gupta, A. K (2012). Industrial safety and Environment. New Delhi India University science Press.
[21]	Achalu, E. I (2019b). Occupational health and safety Lagos: Splendid Publishers.

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APA Style

Noah Oluwatope Emmanuel, Achalu Ernest, Kingsley Douglas. (2022). Physical, Chemical and Biological Factors as Occupational Health and Safety Hazards Among Workers in Cement Industries in the South-South Region of Nigeria. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 10(1), 17-21. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20221001.14

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ACS Style

Noah Oluwatope Emmanuel; Achalu Ernest; Kingsley Douglas. Physical, Chemical and Biological Factors as Occupational Health and Safety Hazards Among Workers in Cement Industries in the South-South Region of Nigeria. Eur. J. Prev. Med. 2022, 10(1), 17-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20221001.14

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AMA Style

Noah Oluwatope Emmanuel, Achalu Ernest, Kingsley Douglas. Physical, Chemical and Biological Factors as Occupational Health and Safety Hazards Among Workers in Cement Industries in the South-South Region of Nigeria. Eur J Prev Med. 2022;10(1):17-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20221001.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ejpm.20221001.14,
  author = {Noah Oluwatope Emmanuel and Achalu Ernest and Kingsley Douglas},
  title = {Physical, Chemical and Biological Factors as Occupational Health and Safety Hazards Among Workers in Cement Industries in the South-South Region of Nigeria},
  journal = {European Journal of Preventive Medicine},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-21},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ejpm.20221001.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20221001.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejpm.20221001.14},
  abstract = {Hazard in the workplace can cause illness or injury to the mental, physical and social wellbeing and thereby cause loss of production or working time. Workers in cement factories may not be fully aware of the factors responsible for health and safety hazards in their workplace, hence this study in order to find out if physical, chemical and biological factors are responsible for occupational health and safety hazards among workers in cement industries in the South-South region of Nigeria. Consequently, the population for the study consisted of site workers in two cement industries in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The population consists of more Male workers which represent 70% of the total population and few female workers which represent 30% of the total population for the study. A total of 403 questionnaires were distributed with 391 returned giving a return rate of 97.02%. The returned questionnaires were examined and 6 were rejected because they were incomplete or responses were unclear, while 12 were not retrieved. The final 385 questionnaires (98.5%) of the returned questionnaires are considered to be representative of the sample and were used for analysis. The study adopted a multi-stage sampling procedure and Taro Yamane formula to draw the samples. The study revealed that physical, chemical and biological factors were responsible for health and safety hazards among workers. Recommendations were thereby made which are personal protective equipment against physical, chemical and biological hazards should be provided and the use enforced at all times while periodic medical examination policy should be adopted by management to help reduce cases of health problems.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Physical, Chemical and Biological Factors as Occupational Health and Safety Hazards Among Workers in Cement Industries in the South-South Region of Nigeria
AU  - Noah Oluwatope Emmanuel
AU  - Achalu Ernest
AU  - Kingsley Douglas
Y1  - 2022/02/05
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20221001.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ejpm.20221001.14
T2  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
JF  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
JO  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
SP  - 17
EP  - 21
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8230
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20221001.14
AB  - Hazard in the workplace can cause illness or injury to the mental, physical and social wellbeing and thereby cause loss of production or working time. Workers in cement factories may not be fully aware of the factors responsible for health and safety hazards in their workplace, hence this study in order to find out if physical, chemical and biological factors are responsible for occupational health and safety hazards among workers in cement industries in the South-South region of Nigeria. Consequently, the population for the study consisted of site workers in two cement industries in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The population consists of more Male workers which represent 70% of the total population and few female workers which represent 30% of the total population for the study. A total of 403 questionnaires were distributed with 391 returned giving a return rate of 97.02%. The returned questionnaires were examined and 6 were rejected because they were incomplete or responses were unclear, while 12 were not retrieved. The final 385 questionnaires (98.5%) of the returned questionnaires are considered to be representative of the sample and were used for analysis. The study adopted a multi-stage sampling procedure and Taro Yamane formula to draw the samples. The study revealed that physical, chemical and biological factors were responsible for health and safety hazards among workers. Recommendations were thereby made which are personal protective equipment against physical, chemical and biological hazards should be provided and the use enforced at all times while periodic medical examination policy should be adopted by management to help reduce cases of health problems.
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Noah Oluwatope Emmanuel

Centre for Occupational Health, Safety & Environment, Institute of Petroleum Studies University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Achalu Ernest

Department of Human Kinetics & Health Education, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Kingsley Douglas

Department of Community Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

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APA Style

Noah Oluwatope Emmanuel, Achalu Ernest, Kingsley Douglas. (2022). Physical, Chemical and Biological Factors as Occupational Health and Safety Hazards Among Workers in Cement Industries in the South-South Region of Nigeria. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 10(1), 17-21. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20221001.14

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ACS Style

Noah Oluwatope Emmanuel; Achalu Ernest; Kingsley Douglas. Physical, Chemical and Biological Factors as Occupational Health and Safety Hazards Among Workers in Cement Industries in the South-South Region of Nigeria. Eur. J. Prev. Med. 2022, 10(1), 17-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20221001.14

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AMA Style

Noah Oluwatope Emmanuel, Achalu Ernest, Kingsley Douglas. Physical, Chemical and Biological Factors as Occupational Health and Safety Hazards Among Workers in Cement Industries in the South-South Region of Nigeria. Eur J Prev Med. 2022;10(1):17-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20221001.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ejpm.20221001.14,
  author = {Noah Oluwatope Emmanuel and Achalu Ernest and Kingsley Douglas},
  title = {Physical, Chemical and Biological Factors as Occupational Health and Safety Hazards Among Workers in Cement Industries in the South-South Region of Nigeria},
  journal = {European Journal of Preventive Medicine},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-21},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ejpm.20221001.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20221001.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejpm.20221001.14},
  abstract = {Hazard in the workplace can cause illness or injury to the mental, physical and social wellbeing and thereby cause loss of production or working time. Workers in cement factories may not be fully aware of the factors responsible for health and safety hazards in their workplace, hence this study in order to find out if physical, chemical and biological factors are responsible for occupational health and safety hazards among workers in cement industries in the South-South region of Nigeria. Consequently, the population for the study consisted of site workers in two cement industries in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The population consists of more Male workers which represent 70% of the total population and few female workers which represent 30% of the total population for the study. A total of 403 questionnaires were distributed with 391 returned giving a return rate of 97.02%. The returned questionnaires were examined and 6 were rejected because they were incomplete or responses were unclear, while 12 were not retrieved. The final 385 questionnaires (98.5%) of the returned questionnaires are considered to be representative of the sample and were used for analysis. The study adopted a multi-stage sampling procedure and Taro Yamane formula to draw the samples. The study revealed that physical, chemical and biological factors were responsible for health and safety hazards among workers. Recommendations were thereby made which are personal protective equipment against physical, chemical and biological hazards should be provided and the use enforced at all times while periodic medical examination policy should be adopted by management to help reduce cases of health problems.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Physical, Chemical and Biological Factors as Occupational Health and Safety Hazards Among Workers in Cement Industries in the South-South Region of Nigeria
AU  - Noah Oluwatope Emmanuel
AU  - Achalu Ernest
AU  - Kingsley Douglas
Y1  - 2022/02/05
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20221001.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ejpm.20221001.14
T2  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
JF  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
JO  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
SP  - 17
EP  - 21
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8230
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20221001.14
AB  - Hazard in the workplace can cause illness or injury to the mental, physical and social wellbeing and thereby cause loss of production or working time. Workers in cement factories may not be fully aware of the factors responsible for health and safety hazards in their workplace, hence this study in order to find out if physical, chemical and biological factors are responsible for occupational health and safety hazards among workers in cement industries in the South-South region of Nigeria. Consequently, the population for the study consisted of site workers in two cement industries in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The population consists of more Male workers which represent 70% of the total population and few female workers which represent 30% of the total population for the study. A total of 403 questionnaires were distributed with 391 returned giving a return rate of 97.02%. The returned questionnaires were examined and 6 were rejected because they were incomplete or responses were unclear, while 12 were not retrieved. The final 385 questionnaires (98.5%) of the returned questionnaires are considered to be representative of the sample and were used for analysis. The study adopted a multi-stage sampling procedure and Taro Yamane formula to draw the samples. The study revealed that physical, chemical and biological factors were responsible for health and safety hazards among workers. Recommendations were thereby made which are personal protective equipment against physical, chemical and biological hazards should be provided and the use enforced at all times while periodic medical examination policy should be adopted by management to help reduce cases of health problems.
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
ER  -

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