Modelling Predictors of Weight Gain of Children Under-Five

Hussein Salifu; Nyemekye Gabriel; Isaac Zingure

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajtas.20211002.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Modelling Predictors of Weight Gain of Children Under-Five

Hussein Salifu, Nyemekye Gabriel, Isaac Zingure

Published in American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics (Volume 10, Issue 2)

Received: 15 February 2021 Accepted: 1 March 2021 Published: 17 March 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

This study examined the determinants of weight gain by children less than five years in the Kintampo municipality of the Bono East Region of Ghana using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) procedure and profile analysis. The study revealed that the minimum weight gain at the first month for males and females are 1.8kg and 1.6kg respectively and that mean weights gain by children under five years was not the same across feeding type. Profile plots of main effect revealed that baby’s age group 0-6, Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF), parity levels 6, 7 and mothers who were formally employed are associated with lower mean effects since they fall below the average mean weight. However, child age group 13-18, breast milk substitute and parity 7 are above the average mean weight line of 7.5, indicating significant effect. Interaction plots indicated that the relationship between parity, mother’s age group, employment type and weight depend on other predictor variables. Parity depends on mother’s age but mother’s age does not depend on the child age group with respect to weight gain. Also, employment type neither depend on religion nor child age group but it depends on educational level with respect to weight gain. The MANOVA results showed that feeding type, parity and child age are the influential factors in determining the weight gain of children less than five years. Further, the study revealed that there exists some relationship between feeding type and mother’s education, parity and mother’s age group and between occupation and mother’s age group with respect to weight gain confirming the profile results. It is therefore recommended that nursing mothers should be encouraged to feed their children themselves since feeding practice has a great influence in the growth of the child at the infant stage.

Published in	American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajtas.20211002.12
Page(s)	99-110
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

MANOVA, Feeding Type, Weight Gain, Interaction, Profile Plot

References

[1]	UNICEF (2013) The state of the world’s children. New York, USA: UNICEF.
[2]	Isiugo-Abanihe, U. C. and Oke, O. A. (2011) Maternal and environmental factors influencing infant birth weight in Ibadan, Nigeria. African Popul Stu, 25 (2): 250–66.
[3]	Leppert, P. C., Namerow, P. B. and Barker, (1986) D. Pregnancy outcomes among adolescent and older women receiving comprehensive prenatal care. J Adolesc Health Care 7 (2): 112-133.
[4]	Abel, E. L., Kruger, M. and Burd, L. (2002) Effects of maternal and paternal age on Caucasian and Native American preterm births and birth weights. Am J Perinatol, 19 (1), 49–54.
[5]	Dhall, K., & Bagga. R. (1995). Maternal determinants of birth weight of North Indian babies. The Journal of Pediatrics volume, 62 (3), 333-344.
[6]	Parker, J. D. and Schoendorf, K. C. (1994) Influence of Paternal Characteristics on the Risk of Low Birth Weight.” American Journal of Epidemiology, 136 (4): 399-407.
[7]	Deshmukh, J. S., Motghare, D. D., Zodpey, S. P. and Wadhva, S. K. (1998) Low birth weight and associated maternal factors in an urban area. Indian Pediatrics, 35 (1); 33-36.
[8]	Tuntiseranee, P., Olsen, J., Chongsuvivatwong, V. and Limbutara, S. (1999) Socio-economic and work-related determinants of pregnancy outcome in southern Thailand. J. Epidemiol Community Health. 53 (10): 624-9.
[9]	Langhoff-Roos, J., Lindmark, G., Gustavson, K. H., Gebre-Medhin, M. and Meirik, O. (1987). Relative effect of parental birth weight on infant birth weight at term. Clinical Genetics, 32, 240–248.
[10]	Mavalankar, D. V., Trivedi, C. C. and Gray, R. H. (1994) Maternal weight, height and risk of poor pregnancy outcome in Ahmedabad, India. Indian Pediatrics, 31 (10), 1205–1212.
[11]	Claris O, Beltrand J, Levy-Marchal C (2010). Consequences of intrauterine growth and early neonatal catch-up growth. 34: 207–10.
[12]	Monteiro P. O. and Victora C. G. (2005). Rapid growth in infancy and childhood and obesity in later life—a systematic review. PMID. 6: 143–154.
[13]	Maahi T, Haadi A (2014). Analysis of Repeated Measures of Weight of Children under Five Years, A Comparative Analysis between Male and Female Children (CASE STUDY: Tamale Metropolis. International Journal of Sciences. 3 (5).
[14]	Black, R. E., Allen L. H. Bhutta Z. A., Caulfield L. E., De Onis M., Ezzati M., Mathers C. and Rivera J. (2008). Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences. PMID: 18207566 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61690-0.
[15]	Bocca G, Corpeleijn E, van den Heuvel ER, Stolk RP, Sauer PJ (2014). Three-year follow-up of 3-year-old to 5-year-old children after participation in a multidisciplinary or a usual-care obesity treatment program. PMID. 33: 1095–1100.
[16]	Danielsson P, Kowalski J, Ekblom O, Marcus C. (2012). Response of severely obese children and adolescents to behavioral treatment. 166: 1103–8.
[17]	Johnson R. A., Wichern D. W. (2007). Applied multivariate statistical analysis, 6th ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River.
[18]	Dinesh K, Goel N. K., Poonam C. (2006). Influence of Infant-Feeding Practice on Nutritional Status of Under-Five Children. Department of Community Medicine, GMCH, Sector 32a, Chandigarh, India. Indian Journal of Pediatrics 73 (5), 417-421.
[19]	Küpers L K, L’Abée C, Bocca G, Stolk R. P., Sauer P. J. J., Corpeleijnb E. (2015). Determinants of Weight Gain during the First Two Years of Life—The GECKO Drenthe Birth Cohort. PLoS ONE 10 (7): e0133326. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133326.
[20]	Akansuke M. A., Luguterah A., Nyandanu S. D., Nawumbeni D. N., Adampa T. (2015). Profiling the determinants of baby weights in Bolgatanga Municipality of Ghana. Journal of Biology and Life Science, 6 (2), 1-23.
[21]	De Jesus G. M., Vieira G. O., Vieira T. O., Martins C. C., Mendes C. M., Castelão E. S. (2010). Determinants of overweight in children under 4 years of age. J Pediatr (Rio J). 86 (4): 311-316.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Hussein Salifu, Nyemekye Gabriel, Isaac Zingure. (2021). Modelling Predictors of Weight Gain of Children Under-Five. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 10(2), 99-110. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20211002.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Hussein Salifu; Nyemekye Gabriel; Isaac Zingure. Modelling Predictors of Weight Gain of Children Under-Five. Am. J. Theor. Appl. Stat. 2021, 10(2), 99-110. doi: 10.11648/j.ajtas.20211002.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Hussein Salifu, Nyemekye Gabriel, Isaac Zingure. Modelling Predictors of Weight Gain of Children Under-Five. Am J Theor Appl Stat. 2021;10(2):99-110. doi: 10.11648/j.ajtas.20211002.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajtas.20211002.12,
  author = {Hussein Salifu and Nyemekye Gabriel and Isaac Zingure},
  title = {Modelling Predictors of Weight Gain of Children Under-Five},
  journal = {American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {99-110},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajtas.20211002.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20211002.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajtas.20211002.12},
  abstract = {This study examined the determinants of weight gain by children less than five years in the Kintampo municipality of the Bono East Region of Ghana using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) procedure and profile analysis. The study revealed that the minimum weight gain at the first month for males and females are 1.8kg and 1.6kg respectively and that mean weights gain by children under five years was not the same across feeding type. Profile plots of main effect revealed that baby’s age group 0-6, Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF), parity levels 6, 7 and mothers who were formally employed are associated with lower mean effects since they fall below the average mean weight. However, child age group 13-18, breast milk substitute and parity 7 are above the average mean weight line of 7.5, indicating significant effect. Interaction plots indicated that the relationship between parity, mother’s age group, employment type and weight depend on other predictor variables. Parity depends on mother’s age but mother’s age does not depend on the child age group with respect to weight gain. Also, employment type neither depend on religion nor child age group but it depends on educational level with respect to weight gain. The MANOVA results showed that feeding type, parity and child age are the influential factors in determining the weight gain of children less than five years. Further, the study revealed that there exists some relationship between feeding type and mother’s education, parity and mother’s age group and between occupation and mother’s age group with respect to weight gain confirming the profile results. It is therefore recommended that nursing mothers should be encouraged to feed their children themselves since feeding practice has a great influence in the growth of the child at the infant stage.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Modelling Predictors of Weight Gain of Children Under-Five
AU  - Hussein Salifu
AU  - Nyemekye Gabriel
AU  - Isaac Zingure
Y1  - 2021/03/17
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20211002.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajtas.20211002.12
T2  - American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics
JF  - American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics
JO  - American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics
SP  - 99
EP  - 110
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-9006
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20211002.12
AB  - This study examined the determinants of weight gain by children less than five years in the Kintampo municipality of the Bono East Region of Ghana using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) procedure and profile analysis. The study revealed that the minimum weight gain at the first month for males and females are 1.8kg and 1.6kg respectively and that mean weights gain by children under five years was not the same across feeding type. Profile plots of main effect revealed that baby’s age group 0-6, Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF), parity levels 6, 7 and mothers who were formally employed are associated with lower mean effects since they fall below the average mean weight. However, child age group 13-18, breast milk substitute and parity 7 are above the average mean weight line of 7.5, indicating significant effect. Interaction plots indicated that the relationship between parity, mother’s age group, employment type and weight depend on other predictor variables. Parity depends on mother’s age but mother’s age does not depend on the child age group with respect to weight gain. Also, employment type neither depend on religion nor child age group but it depends on educational level with respect to weight gain. The MANOVA results showed that feeding type, parity and child age are the influential factors in determining the weight gain of children less than five years. Further, the study revealed that there exists some relationship between feeding type and mother’s education, parity and mother’s age group and between occupation and mother’s age group with respect to weight gain confirming the profile results. It is therefore recommended that nursing mothers should be encouraged to feed their children themselves since feeding practice has a great influence in the growth of the child at the infant stage.
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Hussein Salifu

Ghana Senior High School, Department of Mathematics, Tamale, Ghana
Nyemekye Gabriel

Tamale Technical University, School of Applied Sciences, Department of Statistical Science, Tamale, Ghana
Isaac Zingure

Jema Senior High School, Department of Mathematics, Jema, Ghana

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Hussein Salifu, Nyemekye Gabriel, Isaac Zingure. (2021). Modelling Predictors of Weight Gain of Children Under-Five. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 10(2), 99-110. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20211002.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Hussein Salifu; Nyemekye Gabriel; Isaac Zingure. Modelling Predictors of Weight Gain of Children Under-Five. Am. J. Theor. Appl. Stat. 2021, 10(2), 99-110. doi: 10.11648/j.ajtas.20211002.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Hussein Salifu, Nyemekye Gabriel, Isaac Zingure. Modelling Predictors of Weight Gain of Children Under-Five. Am J Theor Appl Stat. 2021;10(2):99-110. doi: 10.11648/j.ajtas.20211002.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajtas.20211002.12,
  author = {Hussein Salifu and Nyemekye Gabriel and Isaac Zingure},
  title = {Modelling Predictors of Weight Gain of Children Under-Five},
  journal = {American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {99-110},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajtas.20211002.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20211002.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajtas.20211002.12},
  abstract = {This study examined the determinants of weight gain by children less than five years in the Kintampo municipality of the Bono East Region of Ghana using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) procedure and profile analysis. The study revealed that the minimum weight gain at the first month for males and females are 1.8kg and 1.6kg respectively and that mean weights gain by children under five years was not the same across feeding type. Profile plots of main effect revealed that baby’s age group 0-6, Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF), parity levels 6, 7 and mothers who were formally employed are associated with lower mean effects since they fall below the average mean weight. However, child age group 13-18, breast milk substitute and parity 7 are above the average mean weight line of 7.5, indicating significant effect. Interaction plots indicated that the relationship between parity, mother’s age group, employment type and weight depend on other predictor variables. Parity depends on mother’s age but mother’s age does not depend on the child age group with respect to weight gain. Also, employment type neither depend on religion nor child age group but it depends on educational level with respect to weight gain. The MANOVA results showed that feeding type, parity and child age are the influential factors in determining the weight gain of children less than five years. Further, the study revealed that there exists some relationship between feeding type and mother’s education, parity and mother’s age group and between occupation and mother’s age group with respect to weight gain confirming the profile results. It is therefore recommended that nursing mothers should be encouraged to feed their children themselves since feeding practice has a great influence in the growth of the child at the infant stage.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Modelling Predictors of Weight Gain of Children Under-Five
AU  - Hussein Salifu
AU  - Nyemekye Gabriel
AU  - Isaac Zingure
Y1  - 2021/03/17
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20211002.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajtas.20211002.12
T2  - American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics
JF  - American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics
JO  - American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics
SP  - 99
EP  - 110
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-9006
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20211002.12
AB  - This study examined the determinants of weight gain by children less than five years in the Kintampo municipality of the Bono East Region of Ghana using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) procedure and profile analysis. The study revealed that the minimum weight gain at the first month for males and females are 1.8kg and 1.6kg respectively and that mean weights gain by children under five years was not the same across feeding type. Profile plots of main effect revealed that baby’s age group 0-6, Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF), parity levels 6, 7 and mothers who were formally employed are associated with lower mean effects since they fall below the average mean weight. However, child age group 13-18, breast milk substitute and parity 7 are above the average mean weight line of 7.5, indicating significant effect. Interaction plots indicated that the relationship between parity, mother’s age group, employment type and weight depend on other predictor variables. Parity depends on mother’s age but mother’s age does not depend on the child age group with respect to weight gain. Also, employment type neither depend on religion nor child age group but it depends on educational level with respect to weight gain. The MANOVA results showed that feeding type, parity and child age are the influential factors in determining the weight gain of children less than five years. Further, the study revealed that there exists some relationship between feeding type and mother’s education, parity and mother’s age group and between occupation and mother’s age group with respect to weight gain confirming the profile results. It is therefore recommended that nursing mothers should be encouraged to feed their children themselves since feeding practice has a great influence in the growth of the child at the infant stage.
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download