For centuries the area which is now Bangladesh was known throughout the civilized world for its fabled wealth, of which the exquisite muslin, Sundarbans, Cox’s Bazar un-broken sea beaches were the apt symbol. Aryans, Turks, Mughals, Afghans, Arabs, Dutch, Portuguese, French and British were attracted by the opulence of Bengal. They came as invaders, traders, settlers, missionaries and in their different ways, contributed towards making this country a distinctive entity among the world’s nations, boasting numerous historical and natural assets. However, this is kaleidoscopic presentation of our land called coastal belt in Bangladesh, its valiant people imbued with a sense of history, its rich and flora and fauna, its verdant landscape with lush green fields, enchanting hills and hillocks and the meandering rivers falling into the vast blue expanse of the Bay of Bengal. It is a land of enormous economic potentials, inhabited by diligent and hard-working people who have a love for heritage. It is a land of ancient and variegated religious and cultural traditions. All of these together make Sundarbans a colorful mosaic of nature’s splendor and bounty (Awal, 2014). Despite various hypotheses as to the causes of this natural degradation, the underlying causes are still not well understood. The present work has explored some of the possible factors involved, focusing particularly on the relationship among the environmental factors and the human destruction of Sundarbans ecosystem as well as abnormal concentrations of a number of chemical elements present in the soil, in order to test the hypothesis that ecological pollution, along with chemical pollution might be responsible. However, the present results have showed that Sn, Exchangeable K, soil pH, Pb , Zn and Ni could be directly linked with top-dying disease of Heritiera fomes (Sundri) in Sundarbans, probably particularly by weakening the vigor of the trees and people and allowing other factors such as pathological agents to attack the plants and surrounding people in Sundarbans, Bangladesh (Awal, 2014). In fact, from since then and still now, the natural resource of Bangladesh like Sundarbans is being disturbed ecologically by human destruction.
Published in | American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 2, Issue 5) |
DOI | 10.11648/j.ajac.20140205.11 |
Page(s) | 63-73 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Causal Factors, Heavy Metal Concentrations, Pollution, Natural Resources Degradations, Sundarbans, Chemical Contamination, Top-Dying, Disease of Plants & Surrounding People
[1] | Awal, M.A. (2007). Analysis of possible environmental factors causing top-dying in mangrove forest trees in the Sundarbans in Bangladesh. PhD thesis, University of Bradford. |
[2] | Awal, M.A., Hale, W.H.G. & Stern, B. (2009). Trace element concentrations in mangrove sediments in the Sundarbans, Bangladesh. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 58(12), 1944-1948. |
[3] | Awal, M.A. (2014). “Correlation between the chemical composition of the surface sediment and water in the mangrove forest of the Sundarbans, Bangladesh, and the regeneration, growth and dieback of the forest trees and people health”..Journal of Science Innovation; 2014. 2(2): pp.11-21.Science Publishing Group, USA; May 20th, 2014(2):11-21;doi: 10.11648/j/si.20140202.11. |
[4] | Asian Development Bank, 1993-95. Main Plan-1993/2012. Vol.1. Forestry Master Plan. Asian Development Bank, Manila, Philippines. |
[5] | Anonymous, 1986. Mangroves in India: Status Report, Government of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi, 150 pp. |
[6] | Anonymous, 1986. Sundri trees fast reducing. The Bangladesh Observer, 1st. December, 1986. |
[7] | Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 2006. Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh, Statistics Division. Ministry of Planning. Dhaka, Bangladesh. |
[8] | Bari, A. 1993. Afforestation and the nutrient sink. Assistance to Fisheries Research Institute. Mymensingh. BGD / 89 / 012, Field Document-3. |
[9] | Burns, K.A; S. D. Garrity, and S.C. Levings. 1993. How many years until mangrove ecosystems recover from catastrophic spills? Marine Pollution Bulletin 26 (5): 239-248. |
[10] | Chaffey, D. R; Miller, F.R; Sandom, J. H. 1985. A forest inventory of the Sundarbans, Bangladesh, Main report, Project Report No.140, 196 pp; Overseas Development Administration, London, U.K:195-196. |
[11] | Chantarasri, S. 1994. Integrated Resource Development of the Sundarban, Fisheries Resources Mangagement for the Sundarban, UNDP / FAO, BGD / 84 / 056, Khulna, Bangladeshp: 170-172. |
[12] | Chowdhury, A.M. 1984. Integrated Development of the Sundarbans, Bangladesh: Silvicultural Aspects of the Sundarbans. FAO Report No / TCP/ BGD/ 2309 (Mf), W / R003. |
[13] | Chowdhury, M. I. 1984. Morphological, hydrological and ecological aspects of the Sundarbans. FAO report N0. FO: TCP/BGD/2309(Mf) W /R0027, 32 P. |
[14] | Christensen, B. 1984. Integrated development of the Sundarbans, Bangladesh: Ecological aspects of the Sundarbans. Reported prepared for the Government of Bangladesh. FAO report no. FO: TCP/ BGD/2309(MF) W/ R0030. |
[15] | Faizuddin, M. 2003. Research on the Top Dying of Sundri in Bangladesh: 43, Mangrove Silviculture Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Khulna, Bangldesh. |
[16] | Faizuddin, M. and Islam, S.A. 2003. Generated Technology and Usable Information of the Mangrove Silviculture. Mangrove Silviculture Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Khulna, p. 17. |
[17] | FAO, 1993. Forest resources assessment 1990: Tropical countries. FAO Forestry Paper. 112, Rome, 98-102p. |
[18] | FAO, 1994. Review of the state of world marine fisheries resources. FAO Fisheries resources. FAO Fisheries Technical Approach Paper 335:143. |
[19] | Gibson, I.A.S. 1975. Reports on a visit to the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, 28 February to 1 April 1975.Unpublished Report, ODA, London, 28pp. |
[20] | Government of Bangladesh, (1993). Forestry Master Plan: Executive Summary. Asian Development Bank, UNDP/FAOBGD/88/025, Forest Department, Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka.31p. |
[21] | Government of Bangladesh, (2006).Mosaic of Bangladesh; 2006; External Publicity Wing; Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh; p:1-145 |
[22] | Hambrey, J. 1999. Mangrove, Fisheries and Economic. Aquaculture and Aquatic Resource Management Program. Asian Institute of Technology. Thailand: 1-4. |
[23] | Harris, L. D. (1984). The Fragmented Forest: Island Biogeographic Theory and the Preservation of Biotic Diversity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. |
[24] | Hussain, Z. and Karim, A. (1994). Introduction. In: Mangroves of the Sundarbans. Volume 2: Bangladesh, Z. Hussain and G. Acharya (Eds.) IUCN. Bankok, Thailand. !-18 pp. |
[25] | Islam, M. A.1993. Some Relevant Information about Sundarban. Sundarbans Forest Division, Khulna, Bangladesh, p. 21. |
[26] | Mukharjee, A. K. 1975. The Sundarbans of India and its biota. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 72 (1):1-20. |
[27] | Rahman, M.A. 2003. Genetic Approach to mitigate the top Dying Problem of Heritiera fomes in the Mangrove Forests, Khulna University, Bangladesh, 87pp. |
[28] | Rahman, M.A. 2003. Mid-term Report on Top Dying of Sundri (Heritiera fomes) and Its Management in the Sundarbans Biodiversity Conservation Project, Khulna.109pp. |
[29] | Seidensticker, J. Hai; A. 1983. The Sundarbans wildlife management plan: conservation in the Bangladesh (cited in Chaffey et al., 1985),Bangladesh. |
[30] | Tiner, R. W; J R. (1984). Wetlands of the United States: Current Status and Recent Trends. Newton Corner, Massachusetts: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Habitat Resources. |
[31] | UN-ESCAP, 1987. Final Report: Volume 2. Coastal environment management plan for Bangladesh. Bangkok, Thailand. |
[32] | UN-ESCAP, 1988. Coastal environment management plan for Bangladesh. Bangkok, Thailand: 7-34. |
[33] | WHO, 1981. Resistance of Disease vectors to pesticides. World Health Organisation, Chronicle, 35, 143. |
APA Style
Awal, Mohd Abdul. (2014). Analysis of Environmental Degradation in Natural Resources. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2(5), 63-73. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20140205.11
ACS Style
Awal; Mohd Abdul. Analysis of Environmental Degradation in Natural Resources. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2014, 2(5), 63-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20140205.11
AMA Style
Awal, Mohd Abdul. Analysis of Environmental Degradation in Natural Resources. Am J Appl Chem. 2014;2(5):63-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20140205.11
@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20140205.11, author = {Awal and Mohd Abdul}, title = {Analysis of Environmental Degradation in Natural Resources}, journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry}, volume = {2}, number = {5}, pages = {63-73}, doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20140205.11}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20140205.11}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20140205.11}, abstract = {For centuries the area which is now Bangladesh was known throughout the civilized world for its fabled wealth, of which the exquisite muslin, Sundarbans, Cox’s Bazar un-broken sea beaches were the apt symbol. Aryans, Turks, Mughals, Afghans, Arabs, Dutch, Portuguese, French and British were attracted by the opulence of Bengal. They came as invaders, traders, settlers, missionaries and in their different ways, contributed towards making this country a distinctive entity among the world’s nations, boasting numerous historical and natural assets. However, this is kaleidoscopic presentation of our land called coastal belt in Bangladesh, its valiant people imbued with a sense of history, its rich and flora and fauna, its verdant landscape with lush green fields, enchanting hills and hillocks and the meandering rivers falling into the vast blue expanse of the Bay of Bengal. It is a land of enormous economic potentials, inhabited by diligent and hard-working people who have a love for heritage. It is a land of ancient and variegated religious and cultural traditions. All of these together make Sundarbans a colorful mosaic of nature’s splendor and bounty (Awal, 2014). Despite various hypotheses as to the causes of this natural degradation, the underlying causes are still not well understood. The present work has explored some of the possible factors involved, focusing particularly on the relationship among the environmental factors and the human destruction of Sundarbans ecosystem as well as abnormal concentrations of a number of chemical elements present in the soil, in order to test the hypothesis that ecological pollution, along with chemical pollution might be responsible. However, the present results have showed that Sn, Exchangeable K, soil pH, Pb , Zn and Ni could be directly linked with top-dying disease of Heritiera fomes (Sundri) in Sundarbans, probably particularly by weakening the vigor of the trees and people and allowing other factors such as pathological agents to attack the plants and surrounding people in Sundarbans, Bangladesh (Awal, 2014). In fact, from since then and still now, the natural resource of Bangladesh like Sundarbans is being disturbed ecologically by human destruction.}, year = {2014} }
TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Environmental Degradation in Natural Resources AU - Awal AU - Mohd Abdul Y1 - 2014/09/30 PY - 2014 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20140205.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ajac.20140205.11 T2 - American Journal of Applied Chemistry JF - American Journal of Applied Chemistry JO - American Journal of Applied Chemistry SP - 63 EP - 73 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-8745 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20140205.11 AB - For centuries the area which is now Bangladesh was known throughout the civilized world for its fabled wealth, of which the exquisite muslin, Sundarbans, Cox’s Bazar un-broken sea beaches were the apt symbol. Aryans, Turks, Mughals, Afghans, Arabs, Dutch, Portuguese, French and British were attracted by the opulence of Bengal. They came as invaders, traders, settlers, missionaries and in their different ways, contributed towards making this country a distinctive entity among the world’s nations, boasting numerous historical and natural assets. However, this is kaleidoscopic presentation of our land called coastal belt in Bangladesh, its valiant people imbued with a sense of history, its rich and flora and fauna, its verdant landscape with lush green fields, enchanting hills and hillocks and the meandering rivers falling into the vast blue expanse of the Bay of Bengal. It is a land of enormous economic potentials, inhabited by diligent and hard-working people who have a love for heritage. It is a land of ancient and variegated religious and cultural traditions. All of these together make Sundarbans a colorful mosaic of nature’s splendor and bounty (Awal, 2014). Despite various hypotheses as to the causes of this natural degradation, the underlying causes are still not well understood. The present work has explored some of the possible factors involved, focusing particularly on the relationship among the environmental factors and the human destruction of Sundarbans ecosystem as well as abnormal concentrations of a number of chemical elements present in the soil, in order to test the hypothesis that ecological pollution, along with chemical pollution might be responsible. However, the present results have showed that Sn, Exchangeable K, soil pH, Pb , Zn and Ni could be directly linked with top-dying disease of Heritiera fomes (Sundri) in Sundarbans, probably particularly by weakening the vigor of the trees and people and allowing other factors such as pathological agents to attack the plants and surrounding people in Sundarbans, Bangladesh (Awal, 2014). In fact, from since then and still now, the natural resource of Bangladesh like Sundarbans is being disturbed ecologically by human destruction. VL - 2 IS - 5 ER -