Variability of Immune Biomarkers with the Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Patients in India, an Observational Prospective Cohort Study

Bejugama Katyayani; Guditi Swarnalatha; Taduri Gangadhar

doi:doi:10.11648/j.iji.20231101.12

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Variability of Immune Biomarkers with the Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Patients in India, an Observational Prospective Cohort Study

Bejugama Katyayani, Guditi Swarnalatha, Taduri Gangadhar

Published in International Journal of Immunology (Volume 11, Issue 1)

Received: 31 July 2023 Accepted: 30 August 2023 Published: 14 September 2023

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Abstract

In renal transplantation (RT), the major issue is to maintain the immune homeostasis, limiting graft rejection (GR), and promoting transplant tolerance. A total of 70 subjects of chronic kidney disease patients on maintenance haemodialysis, opted for RT and 20 controls were recruited. The Tregs% (CD4+CD25+), concentration of cytokines IL –10 and IL 17 were measured in pre-and post-transplant at a defined timelines with stable graft function (SGF) and with GR for two years, using flow cytometer and sandwich ELISA method. With SGF, Tregs% Baseline [8.5 (6.5–10.7) vs. HCs [14.25 (13–18), p < 0.01)], at Baseline vs. six months [11.54 (8.9–15)], p < 0.001); At Baseline [3.05 (1.05–5.2) vs. GR 8.5 (6.5–10.7), p < 0.05]. Serum IL 10 baseline [3.6 (2.56–4.6) vs. HC (6.4 (4.8-9.8), p<0.001]. Serum IL 17 levels at baseline [120 (92 - 176) vs. HC [20.88 (18-55), p<0.05], day four vs. baseline [180 (160.5-257.45); p<0.05], day 90 vs. baseline [53.3 (48-100), p< 0.05] and this was maintained for two years, with GR vs. baseline [190 (105-372); p<0.05]. ROC analysis of Tregs% (AUC of 0.758 and a p – value of <0.05), IL-10 (AUC of 0.8 and a p – value of 0.117), IL-17 (AUC of 0.937 and a p – value of <0.05). With SGF, Tregs % increased from 6 months, IL-17 decreased from 3 months, IL-10 did not show changes and continued till two years; with GR, Tregs% decreased from baseline, IL-10 did not show changes, and IL-17 increased due to high inflammation. ROC analysis showed that the Tregs% and IL-17 are better predictors of graft outcome. However, the association between biomarkers with graft function couldn’t be evaluated which needs further studies.

Published in	International Journal of Immunology (Volume 11, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.iji.20231101.12
Page(s)	6-12
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Renal Transplantation, Immune Biomarkers, Graft Function, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometer

References

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[2]	Cooper JE. Evaluation and Treatment of Acute Rejection in Kidney Allografts. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020 Mar 6; 15 (3): 430-438. doi: 10.2215/CJN.11991019. Epub 2020 Feb 17. PMID: 32066593; PMCID: PMC7057293.
[3]	Ma L, Zhang H, Hu K, et al. The imbalance between Tregs, Th17 cells, and inflammatory cytokines among renal transplant recipients. BMC Immunol. 2015; 16: 56. Published 2015 Sep 23. Doi: 10.1186/s12865-015-0118-8.
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[5]	Huang DL, He YR, Liu YJ, He HY, Gu ZY, Liu YM, Liu WJ, Luo Z, Ju MJ. The immunomodulation role of Th17 and Treg in renal transplantation. Front Immunol. 2023 Feb 1; 14: 1113560. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1113560. PMID: 36817486; PMCID: PMC9928745.
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APA Style

Bejugama Katyayani, Guditi Swarnalatha, Taduri Gangadhar. (2023). Variability of Immune Biomarkers with the Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Patients in India, an Observational Prospective Cohort Study. International Journal of Immunology, 11(1), 6-12. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20231101.12

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ACS Style

Bejugama Katyayani; Guditi Swarnalatha; Taduri Gangadhar. Variability of Immune Biomarkers with the Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Patients in India, an Observational Prospective Cohort Study. Int. J. Immunol. 2023, 11(1), 6-12. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20231101.12

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AMA Style

Bejugama Katyayani, Guditi Swarnalatha, Taduri Gangadhar. Variability of Immune Biomarkers with the Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Patients in India, an Observational Prospective Cohort Study. Int J Immunol. 2023;11(1):6-12. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20231101.12

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@article{10.11648/j.iji.20231101.12,
  author = {Bejugama Katyayani and Guditi Swarnalatha and Taduri Gangadhar},
  title = {Variability of Immune Biomarkers with the Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Patients in India, an Observational Prospective Cohort Study},
  journal = {International Journal of Immunology},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {6-12},
  doi = {10.11648/j.iji.20231101.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20231101.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.iji.20231101.12},
  abstract = {In renal transplantation (RT), the major issue is to maintain the immune homeostasis, limiting graft rejection (GR), and promoting transplant tolerance. A total of 70 subjects of chronic kidney disease patients on maintenance haemodialysis, opted for RT and 20 controls were recruited. The Tregs% (CD4+CD25+), concentration of cytokines IL –10 and IL 17 were measured in pre-and post-transplant at a defined timelines with stable graft function (SGF) and with GR for two years, using flow cytometer and sandwich ELISA method. With SGF, Tregs% Baseline [8.5 (6.5–10.7) vs. HCs [14.25 (13–18), p < 0.01)], at Baseline vs. six months [11.54 (8.9–15)], p < 0.001); At Baseline [3.05 (1.05–5.2) vs. GR 8.5 (6.5–10.7), p < 0.05]. Serum IL 10 baseline [3.6 (2.56–4.6) vs. HC (6.4 (4.8-9.8), p<0.001]. Serum IL 17 levels at baseline [120 (92 - 176) vs. HC [20.88 (18-55), p<0.05], day four vs. baseline [180 (160.5-257.45); p<0.05], day 90 vs. baseline [53.3 (48-100), p< 0.05] and this was maintained for two years, with GR vs. baseline [190 (105-372); p<0.05]. ROC analysis of Tregs% (AUC of 0.758 and a p – value of <0.05), IL-10 (AUC of 0.8 and a p – value of 0.117), IL-17 (AUC of 0.937 and a p – value of <0.05). With SGF, Tregs % increased from 6 months, IL-17 decreased from 3 months, IL-10 did not show changes and continued till two years; with GR, Tregs% decreased from baseline, IL-10 did not show changes, and IL-17 increased due to high inflammation. ROC analysis showed that the Tregs% and IL-17 are better predictors of graft outcome. However, the association between biomarkers with graft function couldn’t be evaluated which needs further studies.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Variability of Immune Biomarkers with the Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Patients in India, an Observational Prospective Cohort Study
AU  - Bejugama Katyayani
AU  - Guditi Swarnalatha
AU  - Taduri Gangadhar
Y1  - 2023/09/14
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20231101.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.iji.20231101.12
T2  - International Journal of Immunology
JF  - International Journal of Immunology
JO  - International Journal of Immunology
SP  - 6
EP  - 12
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-1753
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20231101.12
AB  - In renal transplantation (RT), the major issue is to maintain the immune homeostasis, limiting graft rejection (GR), and promoting transplant tolerance. A total of 70 subjects of chronic kidney disease patients on maintenance haemodialysis, opted for RT and 20 controls were recruited. The Tregs% (CD4+CD25+), concentration of cytokines IL –10 and IL 17 were measured in pre-and post-transplant at a defined timelines with stable graft function (SGF) and with GR for two years, using flow cytometer and sandwich ELISA method. With SGF, Tregs% Baseline [8.5 (6.5–10.7) vs. HCs [14.25 (13–18), p < 0.01)], at Baseline vs. six months [11.54 (8.9–15)], p < 0.001); At Baseline [3.05 (1.05–5.2) vs. GR 8.5 (6.5–10.7), p < 0.05]. Serum IL 10 baseline [3.6 (2.56–4.6) vs. HC (6.4 (4.8-9.8), p<0.001]. Serum IL 17 levels at baseline [120 (92 - 176) vs. HC [20.88 (18-55), p<0.05], day four vs. baseline [180 (160.5-257.45); p<0.05], day 90 vs. baseline [53.3 (48-100), p< 0.05] and this was maintained for two years, with GR vs. baseline [190 (105-372); p<0.05]. ROC analysis of Tregs% (AUC of 0.758 and a p – value of <0.05), IL-10 (AUC of 0.8 and a p – value of 0.117), IL-17 (AUC of 0.937 and a p – value of <0.05). With SGF, Tregs % increased from 6 months, IL-17 decreased from 3 months, IL-10 did not show changes and continued till two years; with GR, Tregs% decreased from baseline, IL-10 did not show changes, and IL-17 increased due to high inflammation. ROC analysis showed that the Tregs% and IL-17 are better predictors of graft outcome. However, the association between biomarkers with graft function couldn’t be evaluated which needs further studies.
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Bejugama Katyayani

Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, India
Guditi Swarnalatha

Department of Nephrology, Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
Taduri Gangadhar

Department of Nephrology, Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Bejugama Katyayani, Guditi Swarnalatha, Taduri Gangadhar. (2023). Variability of Immune Biomarkers with the Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Patients in India, an Observational Prospective Cohort Study. International Journal of Immunology, 11(1), 6-12. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20231101.12

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ACS Style

Bejugama Katyayani; Guditi Swarnalatha; Taduri Gangadhar. Variability of Immune Biomarkers with the Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Patients in India, an Observational Prospective Cohort Study. Int. J. Immunol. 2023, 11(1), 6-12. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20231101.12

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AMA Style

Bejugama Katyayani, Guditi Swarnalatha, Taduri Gangadhar. Variability of Immune Biomarkers with the Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Patients in India, an Observational Prospective Cohort Study. Int J Immunol. 2023;11(1):6-12. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20231101.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.iji.20231101.12,
  author = {Bejugama Katyayani and Guditi Swarnalatha and Taduri Gangadhar},
  title = {Variability of Immune Biomarkers with the Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Patients in India, an Observational Prospective Cohort Study},
  journal = {International Journal of Immunology},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {6-12},
  doi = {10.11648/j.iji.20231101.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20231101.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.iji.20231101.12},
  abstract = {In renal transplantation (RT), the major issue is to maintain the immune homeostasis, limiting graft rejection (GR), and promoting transplant tolerance. A total of 70 subjects of chronic kidney disease patients on maintenance haemodialysis, opted for RT and 20 controls were recruited. The Tregs% (CD4+CD25+), concentration of cytokines IL –10 and IL 17 were measured in pre-and post-transplant at a defined timelines with stable graft function (SGF) and with GR for two years, using flow cytometer and sandwich ELISA method. With SGF, Tregs% Baseline [8.5 (6.5–10.7) vs. HCs [14.25 (13–18), p < 0.01)], at Baseline vs. six months [11.54 (8.9–15)], p < 0.001); At Baseline [3.05 (1.05–5.2) vs. GR 8.5 (6.5–10.7), p < 0.05]. Serum IL 10 baseline [3.6 (2.56–4.6) vs. HC (6.4 (4.8-9.8), p<0.001]. Serum IL 17 levels at baseline [120 (92 - 176) vs. HC [20.88 (18-55), p<0.05], day four vs. baseline [180 (160.5-257.45); p<0.05], day 90 vs. baseline [53.3 (48-100), p< 0.05] and this was maintained for two years, with GR vs. baseline [190 (105-372); p<0.05]. ROC analysis of Tregs% (AUC of 0.758 and a p – value of <0.05), IL-10 (AUC of 0.8 and a p – value of 0.117), IL-17 (AUC of 0.937 and a p – value of <0.05). With SGF, Tregs % increased from 6 months, IL-17 decreased from 3 months, IL-10 did not show changes and continued till two years; with GR, Tregs% decreased from baseline, IL-10 did not show changes, and IL-17 increased due to high inflammation. ROC analysis showed that the Tregs% and IL-17 are better predictors of graft outcome. However, the association between biomarkers with graft function couldn’t be evaluated which needs further studies.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Variability of Immune Biomarkers with the Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Patients in India, an Observational Prospective Cohort Study
AU  - Bejugama Katyayani
AU  - Guditi Swarnalatha
AU  - Taduri Gangadhar
Y1  - 2023/09/14
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20231101.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.iji.20231101.12
T2  - International Journal of Immunology
JF  - International Journal of Immunology
JO  - International Journal of Immunology
SP  - 6
EP  - 12
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-1753
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20231101.12
AB  - In renal transplantation (RT), the major issue is to maintain the immune homeostasis, limiting graft rejection (GR), and promoting transplant tolerance. A total of 70 subjects of chronic kidney disease patients on maintenance haemodialysis, opted for RT and 20 controls were recruited. The Tregs% (CD4+CD25+), concentration of cytokines IL –10 and IL 17 were measured in pre-and post-transplant at a defined timelines with stable graft function (SGF) and with GR for two years, using flow cytometer and sandwich ELISA method. With SGF, Tregs% Baseline [8.5 (6.5–10.7) vs. HCs [14.25 (13–18), p < 0.01)], at Baseline vs. six months [11.54 (8.9–15)], p < 0.001); At Baseline [3.05 (1.05–5.2) vs. GR 8.5 (6.5–10.7), p < 0.05]. Serum IL 10 baseline [3.6 (2.56–4.6) vs. HC (6.4 (4.8-9.8), p<0.001]. Serum IL 17 levels at baseline [120 (92 - 176) vs. HC [20.88 (18-55), p<0.05], day four vs. baseline [180 (160.5-257.45); p<0.05], day 90 vs. baseline [53.3 (48-100), p< 0.05] and this was maintained for two years, with GR vs. baseline [190 (105-372); p<0.05]. ROC analysis of Tregs% (AUC of 0.758 and a p – value of <0.05), IL-10 (AUC of 0.8 and a p – value of 0.117), IL-17 (AUC of 0.937 and a p – value of <0.05). With SGF, Tregs % increased from 6 months, IL-17 decreased from 3 months, IL-10 did not show changes and continued till two years; with GR, Tregs% decreased from baseline, IL-10 did not show changes, and IL-17 increased due to high inflammation. ROC analysis showed that the Tregs% and IL-17 are better predictors of graft outcome. However, the association between biomarkers with graft function couldn’t be evaluated which needs further studies.
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
ER  -

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